36 Questions
What type of collagen is the main type found in fibrocartilage?
Type 1 collagen
Which type of joints have minimal mobility and contain fibrocartilage between bones?
DI arthroses
What is the main type of collagen found in hyaline articular cartilage?
Type 2 collagen
Which type of joint is surrounded by a fibrous capsule and lined by synovium?
DI arthroses
What happens to hyaline articular cartilage when it wears out?
It has poor reparative capacity
Which joints are characterized by being mobile and occurring in peripheral limb joints and TMJ?
DI arthroses
The menisci of the knee are examples of which type of cartilage?
Fibrocartilage
"Today, we will focus on the 3rd type of joint" refers to which type of joint?
DI arthroses
What is the main role of articular cartilage in a joint?
To act as a shock absorber
What is the composition of water in normal hyaline articular cartilage?
90%
In osteoarthritis, what happens to the chondrocytes in hyaline articular cartilage?
They multiply and try to synthesize more matrix molecules
Which component gives hyaline articular cartilage its strength and structure?
Type 2 collagen
What is the main function of proteoglycans in cartilage?
To attract water into the cartilage
Why does hyaline articular cartilage appear radiolucent on X-ray?
Due to being non-calcified
What is the source of nutrients for chondrocytes in hyaline articular cartilage?
Synovial fluid and subchondral bone
'The hydrophilia of the cartilage proteoglycans is crucial.' What does this mean for the cartilage?
It helps in water absorption keeping the cartilage flexible
What role do PG aggregates play in the articular cartilage?
Protect from enzymatic degradation
Which enzyme targets type 2 collagen arcade?
Collagenase 1 (MMP 1)
What is the main role of TIMPS in the articular cartilage?
Inhibit MMP enzymes
Which enzyme is responsible for targeting proteoglycans in the articular cartilage?
Stromelysin (MMP 3)
What happens to water content in the articular cartilage during late osteoarthritis?
Loss of water; dried and dessicated
What confers the property of deformability and the ability to distribute load in a reversible sponge-like fashion in hyaline articular cartilage?
Proteoglycans containing negatively charged glycosaminoglycans
Which hormone helps stimulate cartilage metabolism and synthesis?
Growth hormone
What is the main factor that tips the balance toward cartilage catabolism in osteoarthritis?
Cartilage degradation by enzymes
Where is Chondroitin Sulfate (CS) located in the core protein of proteoglycans in articular cartilage?
At the superior aspect, or carboxyl end, of the core protein
What is the main function of the glycans side chains (GAGs) in proteoglycan monomers?
Contribute to hydration and deformability
Which enzyme targets the collagen arcade and is a collagenase?
Collagenase 1 (MMP 1)
Which region of the aggrecan PG monomer houses Keratan Sulfate (KS) chains?
Proximal or amino-terminal of the core protein
What allows for the deformability and shock-absorbing effect of hyaline articular cartilage?
Aggregating proteoglycans (aggrecans)
What is the main role of the hook or hyaluronic acid binding region (HABR) in proteoglycan aggregates?
Attaching to hyaluronic acid strands
What would be the likely effect on cartilage if it lacked glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)?
Brittleness and dryness
What is the consequence of the up-regulation of MMP 1 and 13 in severe progressive fibrillation of cartilage?
Worse fragmentation of collagen network
What effect does the loss of cartilage PG's have on the water content in osteoarthritis (OA)?
Decrease in water content
What is the main reason for the decrease in tensile strength of collagen seen in OA?
Worse fragmentation of collagen arcade
What is the impact of decreased PG aggregates due to cleavage at the CS-6 hook binding region by aggrecanase?
Decrease in PG aggregates
What is a significant finding related to chondrocytes in aging and in OA?
Increase in apoptosis
Test your knowledge on the properties of hyaline articular cartilage, including its tensile strength and ability to endure impact loading. Learn about the role of proteoglycans (PG) and aggrecans in maintaining the structural integrity of cartilage.
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