44 Questions
Which process occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells?
RNA transcription
Which type of RNA transports amino acids to the ribosome?
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA → RNA → Protein
Which enzyme catalyzes the linkage of ribonucleotides during transcription?
RNA polymerase
What is the error rate of RNA polymerase during transcription?
1 in 104 nucleotides
Which of the following is a function of non-coding RNA (ncRNA)?
Structural component
Which of the following is true about transcription in bacteria?
Sigma factor binds the core enzyme
Which of the following is true about catalytic RNA (ribozymes)?
Catalytic RNA can catalyze its own splicing
Which of the following can cause disease when mutated at splice sites?
Thalassemia
What is the first modification that happens to bacterial RNA during RNA processing?
Addition of a 5' cap
Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding a 12-15 bp segment of the DNA during transcription initiation?
DNA helicase
What is the function of the activator in transcription initiation?
Attract RNA pol II to the start point
Which proteins are required for transcription elongation in eukaryotes?
Elongation factors
What is the purpose of RNA splicing?
To remove noncoding sequences (introns)
Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding a 12-15 bp segment of the DNA during transcription initiation?
DNA helicase
What is the function of the activator in transcription initiation?
To recruit RNA polymerase
Which proteins are required for transcription elongation in eukaryotes?
Elongation factors and chromatin remodeling complexes
Which of the following is the first modification that happens to bacterial RNA during RNA processing?
Addition of 5'-methylguanosine cap
What is the purpose of RNA splicing?
To join exons together
Which enzyme catalyzes the linkage of ribonucleotides during transcription?
RNA polymerase
Which process occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells?
RNA splicing
Which of the following is true about RNA transcription in prokaryotes?
Transcription and translation occur simultaneously
Which of the following is true about RNA transcription in eukaryotes?
Transcription occurs in the nucleus
Which type of RNA associates with proteins to form ribosomes in the cytoplasm?
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Which type of RNA transports amino acids to the ribosome?
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Which of the following is true about RNA and DNA?
RNA is single stranded, while DNA is double stranded
What is the flow of genetic information according to the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA → RNA → Protein
Which type of RNA is formed complementary to one strand of DNA and codes for proteins?
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Which of the following is true about transcription in bacteria?
Transcription in bacteria involves three RNA polymerases
What is the function of the sigma (σ) factor in bacterial transcription?
It recognizes and binds to the promoter region
Which of the following is true about general/basal transcription factors?
They are proteins needed at nearly all promoters used by RNA polymerase II
What is the consensus sequence that is typically located ~25bp upstream of the initiation site in eukaryotic RNA polymerase II promoters?
TATA box
Which of the following is true about RNA polymerase error rates during transcription?
RNA polymerase has a higher error rate than DNA polymerase
Which of the following is a function of transcription factors in eukaryotic transcription?
To recognize and bind to the promoter region
Which of the following is true about the scrunching mechanism in bacterial transcription?
It opens the dsDNA to form a transcription bubble
Which of the following is true about alternative splicing?
It can produce different forms of a protein from the same gene
Which of the following can cause disease when mutated at splice sites?
Thalassemia and Breast cancer (BRCA 1)
Which of the following is true about mRNA?
It is the major component of the total RNA
Which of the following is true about DNA and RNA?
They contain sugar, phosphate, and bases
What is the product of transcription called?
Transcript
Which of the following is required for transcription initiation?
A primer
Which of the following is true about bacterial RNA processing?
The first modification is the addition of a 5' cap
Which of the following is true about DNA gyrase in bacteria?
It constantly keeps positive supercoils in DNA
What is the first modification that happens to bacterial RNA during RNA processing?
Addition of a 5' cap
Test your knowledge on promoter recognition in transcription! Learn about the role of transcription factors, the formation of the transcription initiation complex, and the activities of TFIIH and RNA pol II.
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