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Questions and Answers
What are the main components of a nucleotide?
Which nucleic acid is primarily responsible for the storage of genetic information?
What kind of bond links nucleotide subunits together?
Adenine forms hydrogen bonds with which nitrogenous base?
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Which nucleic acid is involved in the regulation of gene expression?
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How many hydrogen bonds are formed between cytosine and guanine?
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Study Notes
Nucleotides
- Consist of sugar, base, and phosphate backbone
- Perform various functions:
- Provide energy for metabolism (ATP)
- Act as enzyme cofactors (NAD+)
- Involved in signal transduction (cAMP)
Nucleic Acids
- Store genetic information (DNA)
- Transmit genetic information (mRNA)
- Process genetic information (ribozymes)
- Synthesize proteins (tRNA and rRNA)
- Regulate expression (siRNA and miRNA)
Structure of DNA
- Composed of two chains of nucleotides coiled around each other in a right-handed double helix
- Sugar-phosphate backbones spiral around the outside of the helix
- Nitrogenous bases extend into the centre at right angles to the axes of the helix
Nucleotide Linkage
- Nucleotide subunits are linked together by phosphodiester bonds
Hydrogen Bonding
- A non-covalent attraction that maintains the double helix structure
- Adenine forms 2 hydrogen bonds with thymine (A=T)
- Cytosine forms 3 hydrogen bonds with guanine (G=C)
- This hydrogen bonding pattern is called base pairing
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Description
Explore the structure and functions of nucleotides, DNA, and RNA, including their roles in genetic information storage, transmission, and protein synthesis.
