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Questions and Answers
Which of the following organisms are classified as prokaryotic?
Which of the following organisms are classified as prokaryotic?
What structure controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell?
What structure controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell?
Eukaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles.
Eukaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles.
False
What is the primary component of the bacterial cell wall?
What is the primary component of the bacterial cell wall?
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The ability to replicate in prokaryotic cells occurs in the ______.
The ability to replicate in prokaryotic cells occurs in the ______.
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Eukaryotic cells can only exist as multicellular organisms.
Eukaryotic cells can only exist as multicellular organisms.
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What type of proteins help in transporting materials across the membrane?
What type of proteins help in transporting materials across the membrane?
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Match the following cell structures with their main function:
Match the following cell structures with their main function:
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Which type of cell has a defined nucleus?
Which type of cell has a defined nucleus?
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What is the size range of prokaryotic cells?
What is the size range of prokaryotic cells?
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Study Notes
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
- Prokaryotes are simple cells lacking a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
- Examples of Prokaryotes: bacteria, blue algae, and archean.
- Eukaryotes are complex cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
- Examples of Eukaryotes: plants, animals, fungi, and protists.
- Prokaryotes can live in stressful environments with high acidity.
- Eukaryotes can be either multi/ unicellular.
- Examples of unicellular eukaryotes: yeast, amoeba, protozoa
Cell Organelles
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Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane): Forms a boundary between the cell and its external environment, controls the passage of materials in and out of the cell.
- Composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
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Phospholipids: charged phosphate groups, glycerol, and two fatty acids
- Head: Glycerol and phosphate group, polar (hydrophilic)
- Tail: Fatty acid, non-polar (hydrophobic)
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Proteins:
- Transport Proteins: help materials cross the membrane
- Channel Proteins: form tunnels that assist in importing or exporting materials and wastes
- Cell recognition proteins: distinguish own cells from others such as pathogens
- Enzymatic Proteins: catalyze metabolic reactions such as synthetic reactions
- Cytoskeleton Proteins: maintain cell shape and motility
- Junction Proteins: facilitate cell-to-cell adhesion and communication
- Receptor Proteins: mediate signal exchange by binding to ligands
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Phospholipids: charged phosphate groups, glycerol, and two fatty acids
- Composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
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Cell Wall: Provides structural support and protection.
- Plants and algae: composed of polysaccharide cellulose
- Fungi: composed of chitin
- Bacteria: composed of peptidoglycan
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Cytoplasm: The gel-like substance that fills the space between the nucleus and cell membrane.
- Consists of mainly water
- Contains various organelles and molecules essential for cellular processes.
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Description
This quiz explores the fundamental differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including their structures, examples, and functionalities. Learn about cell organelles, such as the cell membrane, and discover how these cells adapt to their environments.
