Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which two domains consist of prokaryotic cells?

  • Fungi
  • Archaea (correct)
  • Bacteria (correct)
  • Eukarya

Describe the difference in the location of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell DNA.

Eukaryotic cell DNA is found in the nucleus, which is bounded by a double membrane. Prokaryotic cell DNA is found in the nucleoid, a region not membrane-enclosed.

What is the Cell Wall?

Rigid structure outside the plasma membrane.

What is the Plasma membrane?

<p>Membrane enclosing the cytoplasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Bacterial chromosome?

<p>Carries genes in the form of DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Nucleoid?

<p>Region where the cell's DNA is located (not enclosed by membrane).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Cytoplasm?

<p>Interior of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Flagella?

<p>Locomotion organelles of some bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are cells so small?

<p>Because of a high surface area-to-volume ratio facilitates the exchange of materials between the cell and its environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are microvilli?

<p>A long, thin projection from the cell surface that increases surface area without increasing volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the nuclear envelope.

<p>Encloses the nucleus, separating contents from cytoplasm, consists of 2 lipid bilayers (double membrane).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nuclear lamina?

<p>Net-like array of protein filaments that connect layers of the nuclear envelope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nuclear matrix?

<p>Protein fibers found throughout nuclear interior, helps organize genetic materials efficiently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are chromosomes made of?

<p>Chromatin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two components of chromatin?

<p>Proteins, DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When do the thin chromatin fibers condense to become distinct chromosomes?

<p>As cells prepare to divide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells

  • Prokaryotic cells belong to two domains: Bacteria and Archaea.
  • Eukaryotic cell DNA is located in the nucleus, which is encased in a double membrane.
  • Prokaryotic cell DNA resides in the nucleoid, a non-membrane-enclosed region.

Cell Structures

  • The cell wall is a rigid structure that lies outside the plasma membrane.
  • The plasma membrane surrounds the cytoplasm, maintaining cellular integrity.
  • Bacterial chromosomes carry genetic information in the form of DNA.
  • The nucleoid is the area where DNA is housed in prokaryotic cells, without a membrane.
  • The cytoplasm is the interior fluid that fills the cell.
  • Flagella serve as locomotion organelles in some bacterial species.

Cell Size and Surface Area

  • Cells tend to be small to maintain a high surface area-to-volume ratio, facilitating efficient material exchange.
  • As a cell grows, its volume increases at a faster rate than its surface area, which could hinder functionality.

Microvilli and Intestinal Cells

  • Microvilli are long, thin projections that extend from the cell surface to amplify surface area without increasing cell volume, essential for nutrient absorption in intestinal cells.

Nuclear Structure

  • The nuclear envelope encloses the nucleus, separating its contents from the cytoplasm, and consists of two lipid bilayers.
  • The nuclear lamina is a network of protein filaments providing structural support to the nuclear envelope.
  • The nuclear matrix is composed of protein fibers that are distributed throughout the nucleus, helping organize genetic material effectively.

Chromatin and Chromosomes

  • Chromosomes are made of chromatin, which consists of DNA wrapped around proteins.
  • The two main components of chromatin are proteins and DNA.
  • Thin chromatin fibers condense into distinct chromosomes as cells prepare for division.

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