30 Questions
Which class of cells lacks a nuclear envelope and is generally smaller and simpler?
Prokaryotic cells
What do all present-day cells share in terms of their fundamental properties?
Plasma membranes
When did life first emerge on Earth?
Approximately 3.8 billion years ago
What type of atmosphere is thought to have existed when life arose on Earth?
Reducing atmosphere
Which process provided a mechanism for the conversion of preformed organic molecules to ATP?
Glycolysis
What is the net energy gain in ATP molecules from glycolysis?
2
What major evolutionary step allowed cells to harness energy from sunlight?
Photosynthesis
Which process yields much more energy than glycolysis?
Oxidative metabolism
Which molecule is responsible for specifying the order of amino acids in a protein?
RNA
Which component of biological membranes is amphipathic, meaning it has both water-soluble and water-insoluble portions?
Phospholipids
Which molecule is believed to have played a big part in the start of life, mixing with amino acids and later turning into the genetic code?
RNA
What is the role of the phospholipid membrane in the first cell?
To maintain self-reproduction and further evolution
Which scientist first demonstrated the spontaneous formation of organic molecules in the 1950s?
Stanley Miller
What were the conditions used by Stanley Miller to demonstrate the formation of organic molecules?
Electric sparks into a mixture of H2, CH4, and NH3, in the absence of water
Which macromolecule is capable of directing its own self-replication?
Nucleic acids
What is generally believed to have been the initial genetic system based on self-replicating RNA?
Nucleic acids
Which field of research is one of the most active and fundamental areas in the biological sciences?
Cell and molecular biology
What are some of the applications of cell and molecular biology?
Medicine, biotechnology, and agriculture
What are some examples of progress in cell and molecular biology?
Genome editing, development of new drugs, and potential use of stem cells
Why is it important to understand the experimental basis of cell and molecular biology?
To understand the current state of our knowledge
Which type of cells are smaller and simpler compared to eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells
Which organelle is responsible for generating most of the ATP derived from the breakdown of organic molecules in eukaryotic cells?
Mitochondria
Which type of cells contain a nucleus and a variety of cytoplasmic organelles?
Eukaryotic cells
What is the diameter range of most prokaryotic cells?
1 to 10 m
Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of lipids?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Which organelle is responsible for the processing and transport of proteins?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Which organelle serves as a site of lipid synthesis and further processing and sorting of proteins?
Golgi apparatus
Which type of cell contains a cell wall and chloroplasts?
Plant cell
Which organelle is responsible for the transport of proteins to their final destinations?
Golgi apparatus
Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of proteins?
Ribosomes
Test your knowledge of prokaryotic cells and their structures with this quiz. Learn about the different shapes, sizes, and DNA contents of these cells, and discover fascinating facts about cyanobacteria. Get ready to explore the world of bacteria!
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