Biology Class: Cell Structure and Origin of Life

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Questions and Answers

What type of transport requires energy?

Facilitated Diffusion

Osmosis

Active Transport (correct)

Passive Transport

Diffusion is a type of active transport.

False

What is the role of aquaporins in the cell?

To facilitate the movement of water across the cell membrane.

The concentration of a solute being the same throughout a system is referred to as __________.

equilibrium Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of transport with its definition:

Active Transport = Requires energy to move substances Passive Transport = Does not require energy Facilitated Diffusion = Movement with the help of carrier proteins Osmosis = The movement of water across a membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organelles is involved in digestion of worn-out cell parts?

Lysosomes Signup and view all the answers

Animal cells contain chloroplasts just like plant cells.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the major physical difference between vacuoles in plant cells and vacuoles in animal cells?

Plant cells usually have a large central vacuole, while animal cells have smaller, more numerous vacuoles. Signup and view all the answers

The ________ is responsible for controlling what enters and exits the cell.

cell membrane Signup and view all the answers

Match the following prokaryote shapes with their corresponding names:

Coccus = Spherical Bacillus = Rod-shaped Spirillum = Spiral Vibrio = Comma-shaped Signup and view all the answers

What process suggests that life can arise naturally from non-living matter?

Spontaneous generation Signup and view all the answers

Eukaryotes do not contain membrane-bound organelles.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell?

Protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

The __________ is a semi-permeable structure that surrounds the cell.

cell membrane Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cell structures with their functions:

Nucleus = Houses DNA and controls cell activities Mitochondria = Produces energy through respiration Chloroplasts = Conducts photosynthesis Golgi apparatus = Packages and distributes proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a hypertonic solution?

Higher solute concentration compared to the cell Signup and view all the answers

Facilitated diffusion requires energy to move substances across the cell membrane.

False Signup and view all the answers

Who was the scientist known for improving the microscope and observing cells?

Anton von Leeuwenhoek Signup and view all the answers

The cell's __________ is responsible for maintaining its shape and facilitating intracellular transport.

cytoskeleton Signup and view all the answers

What component makes up the majority of the cell membrane?

Phospholipids Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Essential Questions

What does scientific evidence suggest about the origin of life?
How do prokaryotes and eukaryotes compare?
What is the relationship between structure and function in a cell?
How does the structure of the cell membrane determine its function?

Important Vocabulary

Early Earth/Cell Evolution:
- Approximate age of Earth
- Methane, ammonia, water vapor
- Spontaneous generation
- Biogenesis
- Protocells
- Anton von Leeuwenhoek
- Miller & Urey (1950s)
- Robert Hooke
- Abiogenesis
- Lynn Margulis (1980s)
- prokaryotes
- eukaryotes
Cell Structure:
- cell
- cell wall
- light microscope
- nuclear envelope
- ER
- nucleolus
- ribosomes
- mitochondria
- chloroplasts
- vacuoles
- cytoplasm
- cytoskeleton
- Flagella, cilia
- chromosomes
- lysosomes
- Golgi apparatus
- nucleus
Cell Transport:
- Semi-permeable
- Phospholipid
- Membrane
- Passive transport
- Active transport
- Concentration gradient
- Diffusion
- Facilitated diffusion
- Osmosis
- Hypertonic
- Hypotonic
- Isotonic
- Pinocytosis
- Lysis
- Exocytosis
- Phagocytosis
- Endocytosis

Supplementary Resources

The Amoeba Sisters - A The Grand Cell Tour
The Amoeba Sisters - Cell Membranes and Cell Transport
Amoeba Sister - Bacteria: The Good, the Bad, and the Kinda Gross
Bozeman Science - A Tour of the Cell
Bozeman Science - 015 The Cell Membrane
Bozeman Science - 016 Transport Across Cell Membranes
Bozeman Science - 017 Compartmentalization
Bozeman Science - Endosymbiosis
Crash Course Biology #4 - Eukaryopolis
Crash Course Biology #6 - Plant Cells
Crash Course Blology #5 - In Da Club - Membranes & Transport

Questions to Answer

Which cell parts are common to both plant and animal cells?
Which organelle aids in digestion of worn-out cell parts? Why are they important?
Why do plant cells have chloroplasts and not animal cells?
What is the major physical difference between vacuoles in plant cells and vacuoles in animal cells?
Why would a cell that moves by means of cilia or flagella require a relatively large number of mitochondria?
The cell membrane is “semipermeable”. Describe its importance.
Using the following terms, create a diagram to illustrate the organization of living creatures: organ system, cell, organs, and tissues.
Compare and contrast active and passive transport in regards to energy and movement of molecules.
How do diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis compare in regards to energy and movement of molecules?
What is the significant function of phospholipids?
What are the characteristics of prokaryotes that cause them to be grouped together in Domain Bacteria?
How does the size of prokaryotes compare to the size of eukaryotes?
How are Eubacteria different from Archeabacteria?
In prokaryotes what is the function of the cell wall?
What are the three different shapes of prokaryotes?
How do you make a wet mount slide for viewing with a light microscope?
How do you calculate total magnification of a compound light microscope?
Complete the following table about cell organelles:
- Cell Organelle; Found in plants, animals, or both; Function
- Nucleus; ...; ...
- Cell membrane; ...; ...
- Cell Wall; ...; ...
- Mitochondria; ...; ...
- Central Vacuole; ...; ...
- Chloroplasts; ...; ...
- Ribosomes; ...; ...
- Golgi Apparatus; ...; ...
- Nucleolus; ...; ...
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth & rough); ...; ...
- Cilia and Flagella; ...; ...
- Lysosome; ...; ...
- Cytoskeleton; ...; ...
- Nuclear Envelope; ...; ...
- Chromatin; ...; ...
Use these words to complete the following:
- Active; Equilibrium; Aquaporins; ATP; Exocytosis; Facilitated Diffusion; Passive; Phagocytosis; Water; Diffusion; Mitochondria; Endocytosis; Osmosis.
- When the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a system (Equilibrium).
- Transport that DOES NOT require energy (Passive).
- Transport that requires energy (Active).
- The cell organelle that provides the energy for active transport (Mitochondria).
- The molecule that is produced by mitochondria and provides energy for transport (ATP).
- Movement of molecules FROM a region of HIGH concentration TO a region of LOW concentration (Diffusion).
- Movement of molecules FROM a region of HIGH concentration TO a region of LOW concentration with the HELP of carrier proteins or channels (Facilitated Diffusion).
- The movement of WATER molecules from HIGH water concentration to LOW water concentration across a cell membrane (Osmosis).
- Membrane proteins that help water molecules move across membranes (Aquaporins).
- Transport that is passive. (Passive transport). -Transport that is active. (Active Transport).
- Moves across a membrane by osmosis. (Water).
- The movement of WATER molecules from LOW solute concentration to HIGH solute concentration across a cell membrane. (Osmosis).

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Description

Test your understanding of fundamental biological concepts related to the origin of life, cell structure, and function. This quiz covers essential questions about prokaryotes and eukaryotes, as well as the cellular mechanisms governing structure and transport. Challenge yourself and deepen your grasp of these critical topics in biology.