Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What are the differences in the internal structures of the cells?

There are fewer structures in the cell on the top and the structures in the cells are similar.

Which cell structures are seen in all cell types?

DNA, cytoplasm, ribosomes, cell membrane.

What are organisms that contain more than one cell with membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus?

Eukaryotes.

What are organisms that contain only one cell and do not contain a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles known as?

Prokaryotes. Signup and view all the answers

Which descriptions apply to prokaryotic cells?

Usually single-celled, do not contain membrane-bound organelles, have DNA located in cytoplasm. Signup and view all the answers

Which descriptions apply to eukaryotic cells?

Usually multicellular, contain a true nucleus, contain membrane-bound organelles. Signup and view all the answers

An interaction between two organisms in which one usually benefits is known as?

Symbiosis. Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the relationship in which one organism lives inside the other one?

Endosymbiosis. Signup and view all the answers

What statements are true of the relationship between termites and the protozoan that lives in their gut?

The termite benefits from the relationship by receiving food from the protozoan, and the protozoan benefits by receiving shelter and food from the termite. Signup and view all the answers

It is believed mitochondria evolved from?

Aerobic bacteria. Signup and view all the answers

While chloroplasts evolved from?

Cyanobacteria. Signup and view all the answers

How is mitochondrial DNA used in science?

mtDNA is used to connect DNA samples to the mother in missing-person cases. Signup and view all the answers

Is it possible today for a eukaryotic cell to live without mitochondria or chloroplasts?

False Signup and view all the answers

What provide evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?

Mitochondria and chloroplasts grow independently from the cell, prokaryotic cells, mitochondria, and chloroplasts are all the same size, and mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own ribosomes. Signup and view all the answers

Which cell structures are seen in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Cell membrane, DNA, ribosomes, and cytoplasm. Signup and view all the answers

Identify the structures common to all cells: label a _, label b _, label c _, label d _.

label a: DNA, label b: cell membrane, label c: ribosomes, label d: cytoplasm. Signup and view all the answers

Which organisms are prokaryotes?

Bacteria, microorganisms. Signup and view all the answers

Which organisms are eukaryotes?

Animals, plants, and fungi. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Structure Differences

Prokaryotic cells contain fewer internal structures compared to eukaryotic cells.
Internal structures between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are similar but organized differently.

Common Cell Structures

All cell types share four key structures: DNA, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and a cell membrane.

Eukaryotes

Eukaryotic organisms are multicellular and possess membrane-bound organelles and a true nucleus.

Prokaryotes

Prokaryotic organisms are unicellular and lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Prokaryotic Cell Characteristics

Typically single-celled organisms.
Lack membrane-bound organelles.
DNA is located within the cytoplasm.

Eukaryotic Cell Characteristics

Generally multicellular organisms.
Feature a defined nucleus.
Contain various membrane-bound organelles.

Symbiosis

An interaction beneficial to one organism, known as symbiosis, can involve various living beings.

Endosymbiosis

Describes a relationship where one organism lives within another, often providing mutual benefits.

Termite and Protozoan Relationship

Termites derive nourishment from protozoans in their gut, while the protozoans receive shelter and food from the termites.

Evolution of Organelles

Mitochondria are believed to have evolved from aerobic bacteria.
Chloroplasts are thought to have originated from cyanobacteria.

Mitochondrial DNA Applications

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is utilized in forensic science, particularly in cases involving missing persons to trace maternal lineage.

Survival of Eukaryotic Cells

Eukaryotic cells cannot survive without mitochondria and chloroplasts, as they are essential for energy production.

Endosymbiotic Theory Evidence

Mitochondria and chloroplasts can reproduce independently of the cell.
They are similar in size to prokaryotic cells.
Each contains its own ribosomes.

Shared Structures in Cells

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have four essential structures: cell membrane, DNA, ribosomes, and cytoplasm.

Organisms in Prokaryotes

Representative organisms include bacteria and various microorganisms.

Organisms in Eukaryotes

Representative eukaryotic organisms include animals, plants, and fungi.

Common Cell Labels

Key structures in all cells can be labeled as follows:
- A: Cell membrane
- B: Cytoplasm
- C: Ribosomes
- D: DNA

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Description

This quiz focuses on the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It includes flashcards that elaborate on cell structures and their functions, making it an effective tool for understanding cell biology. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their knowledge in cellular concepts.