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Questions and Answers
What characteristic differentiates prokaryotic flagella from eukaryotic flagella?
What characteristic differentiates prokaryotic flagella from eukaryotic flagella?
Which of the following is a feature that distinguishes eukaryotes from prokaryotes?
Which of the following is a feature that distinguishes eukaryotes from prokaryotes?
Which group of organisms is known for a critical role in coral reef building and can grow to significant depths?
Which group of organisms is known for a critical role in coral reef building and can grow to significant depths?
Which of the following statements regarding algae is true?
Which of the following statements regarding algae is true?
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What type of reproduction is commonly associated with eukaryotes?
What type of reproduction is commonly associated with eukaryotes?
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What material is commonly found in the cell walls of prokaryotes?
What material is commonly found in the cell walls of prokaryotes?
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What is the primary way in which nitrogen fixation occurs in the context of prokaryotes?
What is the primary way in which nitrogen fixation occurs in the context of prokaryotes?
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Which description best applies to the life cycle of algae?
Which description best applies to the life cycle of algae?
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Where are red algae most abundantly found?
Where are red algae most abundantly found?
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Which of the following statements about eukaryotic nuclear division is correct?
Which of the following statements about eukaryotic nuclear division is correct?
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Study Notes
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
- Cell wall: Prokaryotes typically have a cell wall containing peptidoglycan; Eukaryotes lack peptidoglycan.
- Nuclear division: Prokaryotes divide without a membrane-bound nucleus using a different process than Eukaryotes (mitosis/meiosis).
- Sexual reproduction: Eukaryotes typically reproduce sexually; Prokaryotes don't commonly have this process, though some bacteria do.
- Flagella: Prokaryotic flagella lack the 9+2 microtubule structure, while eukaryotic flagella have it.
- Nitrogen fixation: Some prokaryotes (e.g., bacteria and blue-green algae) can fix nitrogen; eukaryotes like plants and animals cannot fix nitrogen.
Algae Characteristics
- Diversity: Algae range from tiny single-celled organisms to large multicellular seaweeds.
- Definition: Algae are photosynthetic organisms.
- Structure: Algae do not have specialized roots, stems, or vascular bundles.
- Embryo Stage: Algae lack a diploid embryo stage.
- Reproductive Structures: They don't have sterile tissue around their reproductive structures.
- Zygote Development: Zygote development typically occurs through mitosis or meiosis, bypassing embryo formation.
Rhodophyta (Red Algae)
- Distribution: Abundant and diverse in warm tropical and subtropical regions. Also present in temperate and polar seas, and some hot springs.
- Coral Reefs: Critical role in building coral reefs.
- Carbonate Deposits: Important role in global carbon storage, with carbonate deposits.
- Photosynthetic Capacity: Deepest photosynthetic eukaryotes.
- Pigments: Marine forms are recognized by bright pink color from phycoerythrin and phycocyanin pigments.
General Characteristics of Red Algae (Rhodophyta)
- Morphology:
- Most species have multicellular, macroscopic thalli with diverse forms.
- Forms can include uniaxial and multiaxial forms depending on filament arrangement.
- Thallus: Thallus of red algae are delicate compared to brown algae.
- Motility: Lack motility.
- Cell Division & Cytokinesis: 90% of their cells don't divide completely. The open regions get plugged by proteins. Cytoplasmic connections CAN be re-established, and eventually are plugged with proteins. Secondary pit connections lend strength to filaments.
- Reproductive Forms: Employ vegetative and asexual reproduction.
Cell Wall Structure
- Components: Cell walls are composed of cellulose fibers (rigid) and gels of sugar polymers (flexible).
- Importance: These parts are essential structural components of plant cells.
Plastids
- Morphologies: There are two major types of plastid morphologies in red algae: axial and stellate, and parietal and discoidal.
Storage Products
- Floridean Starch: A unique starch form found in red algae, lacking amylose and possessing highly branched amylopectin in an alpha-1,4 polymer.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes with this quiz. You'll explore aspects like cell wall structure, nuclear division, and reproduction methods. Dive into the fascinating characteristics of algae as well!
