Cell Biology: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
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Questions and Answers

What is a key characteristic that distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

  • Presence of a nucleus (correct)
  • Size of the cell
  • Presence of a cell wall
  • Ability to reproduce sexually
  • Which of the following organisms is classified as a prokaryote?

  • Plants
  • Humans
  • Fungi
  • Bacteria (correct)
  • Which structure is NOT found in prokaryotic cells?

  • Nucleus (correct)
  • Cytoplasm
  • Ribosomes
  • Cell membrane
  • Which of the following options correctly describes eukaryotic cells?

    <p>They have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following groups includes organisms made up of eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Plants and Animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary focus of microbial biotechnology in the food industry?

    <p>Enhancing the safety and quality of food products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of microbial processes in food production?

    <p>Utilizing microorganisms to ferment food and produce desirable flavors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does microbial biotechnology contribute to sustainable food practices?

    <p>By enhancing natural fermentation processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant biotechnological advancement in the food industry?

    <p>Genetic modification of yeast for higher ethanol yield</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an ethical concern associated with biotechnological applications in the food industry?

    <p>Consumer transparency regarding genetically modified organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acidity (pH) is considered an intrinsic factor affecting microbial activity in food.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The storage conditions of food are classified as intrinsic factors that influence microbial activity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors play a role in microbial activity within food.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Temperature is an intrinsic factor that influences microbial growth.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Intrinsic factors are determined by the composition of the food itself.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The mitochondria is often referred to as the 'powerhouse' of the cell because it is involved in respiration.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nucleus is the cell structure that contains the cell's ribosomes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 'daughter' cell splits off from the 'mother' cell during the process of cell division.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nuclear membrane encloses the mitochondria in a cell.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cells with a nuclear membrane are classified as prokaryotic.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

    • Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
    • Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
    • Two main types of cells are prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

    Prokaryotes

    • Bacteria are prokaryotes.

    Eukaryotes

    • Plants, fungi, animals, and humans are eukaryotes.

    Cytoplasm

    • The cytoplasm of a bacterial cell is the site of growth, metabolism, and replication.

    Ribosomes

    • Ribosomes are tiny factories that translate genetic code from nucleic acids to amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins.

    Pruteen

    • Pruteen is made from the bacterium Methilophilus methilotrophus.

    Spirulina

    • Spirulina is a cyanobacteria from the genus Arthrospira.
    • Spirulina is available as whole cells and beta carotenes.

    Daughter Cell

    • A new cell that forms from an original cell, referred to as the "mother" cell.

    Mitochondria

    • Known as the "powerhouse" of the cell.
    • The site where respiration occurs.

    Nucleus

    • Contains DNA, the genetic material of the cell.

    Nuclear Membrane

    • The membrane that surrounds the nucleus.

    Factors Governing Microbial Activity In Food

    • Intrinsic Factors: Attributes of the food itself.
      • Acidity (pH): Impacts the growth and survival of microorganisms.
    • Extrinsic Factors: External conditions influencing microbial activity.
      • Storage conditions: Temperature, humidity, and atmosphere can significantly affect microbial growth.

    Naming and Classifying Microorganisms

    • The Linnaean system of binomial nomenclature is used for naming organisms.
    • Each organism has two names:
      • Genus: First name, capitalized.
      • Species: Second name, lowercase.

    Scientific Names

    • Should be italicized or underlined.

    Yogurt

    • A fermented dairy product made by inoculating milk with bacterial culture.
    • The bacteria convert lactose into lactic acid.
    • The acid causes casein protein to denature, forming a semi-solid gel.
    • Lactococcus thermophilus and Streptococcus bulgaricus are the key bacteria involved in yogurt production.
    • S. thermophilus lowers the pH of milk to 5.5.
    • L. bulgaricus converts lactose to lactic acid.
    • The taste of yogurt is influenced by organoleptic aspects and the number of bacteria present.

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    Description

    Explore the fundamental differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in this quiz. Learn about their structures, functions, and key examples such as bacteria, plants, and animals. Test your knowledge on cytoplasm, ribosomes, and specific cell types.

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