Cell Biology Quiz - Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

<p>Presence of a nucleus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protein modification and sorting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ribosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Separates DNA from cytoplasmic processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Magnets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maximize metabolic activity in less time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phospholipid bilayer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It creates compartments within eukaryotic cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The observation and naming of the nucleus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are membrane-bound organelles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability to sense and respond to their environment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Modification of small molecules and synthesis of lipids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Modification, packaging, and sorting of proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitochondria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have their own DNA and ribosomes, resembling bacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Digestion of macromolecules and waste processing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amyloplast (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Programmed cell death (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They initiate fragmentation of the nucleus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tubulin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microfilaments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They move along microtubules. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>9 + 2 internal structure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intermediate filaments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provides rigidity to cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Connecting plant cells for nutrient exchange (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cellulose and lignin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A set of three principles describing cells: (1) all organisms are made of one or more cells; (2) cells are the basic functional units of life; (3) new cells arise from pre-existing cells.

A type of cell that lacks membrane-bound organelles and has its DNA in a nucleoid region. Examples include bacteria and archaea.

A type of cell that has membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus containing its DNA. Examples include animal, plant, fungi, and protist cells.

Most cells are small to maintain a large surface area to volume ratio, which is crucial for efficient exchange of materials with the environment.

The boundary of a cell, made up of a lipid bilayer (two layers of phospholipids).

Cellular structures that synthesize proteins. They translate messenger RNA into needed proteins

A network of organelles in a eukaryotic cell that modify, package, and transport proteins and lipids.

The relationship between the exposed surface of a cell and its internal volume. Important for efficient material exchange.

Ribosomes in prokaryotic cells are free-floating in the cytoplasm.

Light microscopes are limited by the wavelength of light, which restricts resolution to about 200 nanometers.

Uses electrons to resolve structures much smaller than light microscopes, often using magnets.

Organelles compartmentalize functions within a cell, allowing for more complex processes.

Double membrane surrounding the nucleus, regulating what enters and exits. Contains DNA attachment points.

Network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis and modification.

The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) is responsible for synthesizing and modifying proteins destined for secretion or to become part of the cell membrane. It's studded with ribosomes, which are the protein factories of the cell.

The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) lacks ribosomes and instead focuses on tasks like detoxification, lipid synthesis, and glycogen breakdown in animal cells.

The Golgi body further modifies, sorts, and packages proteins received from the RER. It also adds carbohydrates and is the site of polysaccharide synthesis in plant cells.

Vesicles are small membrane-bound sacs that transport materials within the cell. Examples include lysosomes for digestion, transport vesicles for shuttling, and peroxisomes for breaking down toxic substances.

Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, responsible for producing ATP, the cell's energy currency. They have two membranes forming distinct compartments, with the inner membrane being crucial for ATP production.

Chloroplasts are found in plant cells and are the sites of photosynthesis, the process of converting sunlight energy into organic sugars. They contain their own DNA and ribosomes.

This theory proposes that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from free-living bacteria that were engulfed by primitive eukaryotic cells but not digested, instead becoming part of the host cell.

Apoptosis is a controlled process of cell death that involves a series of steps leading to the destruction of the cell, including nuclear fragmentation, membrane blistering, and cell fragment engulfment.

A network of protein fibers that provides structure, support, and movement within eukaryotic cells.

Largest cytoskeletal components made of tubulin subunits, involved in cell shape, motility, and cell division.

Thinnest cytoskeletal elements made of actin subunits, responsible for cell movement, shape, and maintenance.

Most stable cytoskeletal elements found only in animal cells, providing structural support and strength.

Proteins that move along cytoskeletal elements, transporting cargo or enabling cell movement.

Structures for cell motility formed by microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement.

A rigid structure surrounding plant cells, providing support, protection, and shape.

Channels that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells, allowing the passage of water and molecules.