Prokaryote vs Eukaryote Cells & Viruses
185 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What characteristic distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

  • Presence of a cell wall
  • Presence of ribosomes
  • Presence of a membrane-enclosed nucleus (correct)
  • Presence of plasmids

    • Which of the following structures is found in viruses?

  • Mitochondria
  • Capsid (correct)
  • Cell membrane
  • Nucleus

    • What is the primary function of flagella in bacteria?

  • Nutrient absorption
  • Protection from environmental factors
  • Movement (correct)
  • Storage of genetic material

    • Which cellular structure is unique to protists that allows them to regulate water content?

    <p>Contractile Vacuole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defining characteristic is shared by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of pili in bacteria?

    <p>Attachment to hosts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do fungi obtain their nutrients?

    <p>Decomposition of dead organic matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of viruses?

    <p>They lack cellular structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shape does 'cocci' refer to in bacteria classification?

    <p>Circular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural component do some viruses have that adds to their durability?

    <p>Envelope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

    <p>Eukaryotes have a membrane-bound nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about viruses is true?

    <p>Viruses cannot reproduce without a host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of bacteria?

    <p>Bacteria may possess tail-like structures for movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique feature do protists possess for regulating water levels?

    <p>Contractile vacuole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is common to both prokaryotes and bacteria?

    <p>Presence of ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a food vacuole in protists?

    <p>To digest and store food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do plasmids benefit bacteria?

    <p>By facilitating faster replication and adaptation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic accurately describes fungi?

    <p>Fungi can exist as unicellular or multicellular organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the cellular structure of viruses?

    <p>Lack of cellular structure and cellular components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shape is associated with bacilli classification in bacteria?

    <p>Rod-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes prokaryotes from eukaryotes?

    <p>True nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is commonly associated with viruses?

    <p>Capsid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of organism are bacteria classified as?

    <p>Unicellular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature indicates that protists have a more complex cellular structure?

    <p>Membrane-bound organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do fungi differ from photosynthetic organisms?

    <p>They absorb nutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of ribosomes in cells?

    <p>Protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic do all viruses share?

    <p>They require a host cell for replication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structures are involved in the movement of bacteria?

    <p>Flagella and pili</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are pseudopodia used for in protists?

    <p>Engulfing food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is not found in bacterial cells?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates that many protists are capable of photosynthesis?

    <p>Presence of chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do fungi primarily obtain their nutrients?

    <p>By absorbing nutrients from decaying organic matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure in protists helps to regulate water content within the cell?

    <p>Contractile vacuole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is not found in fungi?

    <p>Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the entire body of a fungus that includes all hyphae, rhizoids, and stolons?

    <p>Mycelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reproduction do fungi utilize to spread to new locations?

    <p>Spores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure do protists use to ingest food?

    <p>Pseudopodia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes bacteria?

    <p>Bacteria have a protective outer capsule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of each virus's capsid?

    <p>To protect the viral nucleic acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature do protists share with eukaryotes?

    <p>They possess a nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification correctly describes bacteria based on their shape?

    <p>Cocci are circular, bacilli are rod-shaped, and spirillum are spiral.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells that prokaryotic cells lack?

    <p>Membrane-bound organelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do plasmids play in bacteria?

    <p>They contribute to faster replication and adaptation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of viruses?

    <p>They can be either spherical or rod-like.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes organisms that obtain nutrients from dead or decaying organisms?

    <p>Saprotrophic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in fungi is primarily composed of thread-like cells?

    <p>Mycelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to the reproductive units of fungi?

    <p>Spores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure in bacteria is involved in adhering to host cells?

    <p>Pili</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is used to describe organisms that are not composed of cells?

    <p>Acellular organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of rhizoids in fungi?

    <p>Nutrient absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in fungi is responsible for spore production?

    <p>Sporangium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of fungi?

    <p>Ability to photosynthesize</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures helps protists with movement?

    <p>Pseudopodia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of a contractile vacuole in protists?

    <p>Regulation of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a bacteriophage's tail?

    <p>To inject DNA into a host cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes protists?

    <p>They can be unicellular or multicellular and often photosynthetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure in bacteria assists in their movement?

    <p>Flagella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the role of sporangium in fungi?

    <p>It releases spores for reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a characteristic of viruses?

    <p>They are cellular organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do fungi obtain nutrients?

    <p>By absorbing nutrients from decaying matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of genetic material can viruses possess?

    <p>Both DNA and RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best characterizes the cell structure of bacteria?

    <p>They have a capsule, cell wall, and no true nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

    <p>They possess membrane-bound organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of contractile vacuoles in protists?

    <p>To regulate water balance within the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells lack membrane-bound organelles?

    <p>Prokaryotic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic primarily distinguishes viruses from all living organisms?

    <p>They are acellular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure helps bacteria maintain rigidity and protection?

    <p>Capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of organism includes unicellular and multicellular forms that thrive in aquatic environments?

    <p>Protists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a shape used to classify bacteria?

    <p>Fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of plasmids in bacteria?

    <p>To provide genetic diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason why viruses are considered pathogenic?

    <p>They can cause diseases in host organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is a protective outer layer for bacterial cells?

    <p>Capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of eukaryotic cells that prokaryotic cells lack?

    <p>A true nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which viral structure is responsible for protecting the genetic material?

    <p>Capsid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of chloroplasts in some protists?

    <p>Performing photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is unique to protists?

    <p>Contractile vacuoles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of mycelium in fungi?

    <p>Hyphae, rhizoids, and stolons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do fungi primarily reproduce?

    <p>Through spores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of nutrition do fungi exhibit?

    <p>Heterotrophic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do pseudopodia play in protists?

    <p>Engulfing food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about fungi is true?

    <p>Fungi can be unicellular or multicellular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of rhizoids in fungi?

    <p>Absorbing nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes protists from fungi?

    <p>Presence of chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of organism is characterized by the inability to photosynthesize?

    <p>Fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component that allows viruses to attach to their host cells?

    <p>Tail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is unique to bacteria and aids in their movement?

    <p>Flagella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of a contractile vacuole in protists?

    <p>Regulating water levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is evident in all eukaryotic organisms?

    <p>Membrane-bound nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organisms are classified as acellular?

    <p>Viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of genetic material can be found in viruses?

    <p>Both DNA and RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic feature of protists?

    <p>Possession of chlorophyll</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining feature of prokaryotes compared to eukaryotes?

    <p>Absence of a membrane-bound nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do plasmids play in bacterial cells?

    <p>Allow faster replication and adaptation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which shape describes 'vibrios' in bacteria classification?

    <p>Curved rod-like</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of pseudopodia in fungi?

    <p>To surround and engulf food for digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for the stability and nutrient absorption in fungi?

    <p>Rhizoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of a fungal mycelium?

    <p>Hyphae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures in fungi is used for reproduction?

    <p>Sporangiophore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the microscopic reproductive units released by fungi?

    <p>Spores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates unicellular fungi such as yeasts from multicellular fungi such as mushrooms?

    <p>Size and structure complexity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of stolons in fungi?

    <p>Connecting different parts of the mycelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is typically found at the tip of a sporangiophore?

    <p>Sporangium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the total body of fungi including their hyphae, rhizoids, and stolons?

    <p>Mycelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature distinguishes bacteria from viruses?

    <p>Presence of ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of protists?

    <p>Presence of chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do hyphae play in fungi?

    <p>Transporting nutrients and anchoring the organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following viruses specifically targets bacteria?

    <p>Bacteriophage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic do fungi and bacteria share?

    <p>Lack of chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of contractile vacuoles in protists?

    <p>Regulating water levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure allows some protists to move?

    <p>Flagella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common method through which fungi absorb nutrients?

    <p>Decomposing organic matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is NOT present in viruses?

    <p>Cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the nature of viruses?

    <p>Viruses are acellular and depend on a host to reproduce.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of structures do bacteria possess for attachment to other cells?

    <p>Pili</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the primary role of a contractile vacuole in protists?

    <p>To regulate water content within the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics is true for fungi?

    <p>Fungi absorb nutrients from dead or decaying matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification of bacteria refers to spiral-shaped organisms?

    <p>Spirilla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do food vacuoles play in protists?

    <p>They store food before digestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do all eukaryotic cells possess that prokaryotic cells do not?

    <p>Nucleus and membrane-bound organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in fungi is primarily involved in reproduction?

    <p>Sporangiophores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a common characteristic of bacteria?

    <p>Presence of membrane-bound organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cellular structure do fungi lack that is commonly found in plants?

    <p>Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Plasmids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the capsid in a virus?

    <p>Protection of viral genetic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reproduction do bacteria primarily utilize to increase their population?

    <p>Binary fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in bacteria primarily aids in movement?

    <p>Flagella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes protists from other types of cells?

    <p>Presence of chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common feature of viruses?

    <p>Require a host for replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of organism are protists typically classified as?

    <p>Eukaryotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure do bacteria possess that provides protection and rigidity?

    <p>Capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the lipid layer surrounding some viruses?

    <p>Envelope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial shape is described as spiral-shaped?

    <p>Spirilla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of hyphae in fungi?

    <p>Nutrient transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does saprotrophic refer to concerning organisms?

    <p>Feeding on dead or decaying matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in bacteria helps them move?

    <p>Flagellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature describes the term 'mycelium' in fungi?

    <p>Entire fungal body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are plasmids primarily known for in bacteria?

    <p>Genetic information exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do spores represent in fungi?

    <p>Reproductive units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the root-like structures in fungi for absorption?

    <p>Rhizoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle in protists is responsible for regulating water levels?

    <p>Contractile vacuole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary nutritional mode of fungi?

    <p>Saprophytic decomposition of organic matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in fungi serves to anchor the organism and absorb nutrients?

    <p>Rhizoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the entire fungal body, made up of hyphae, rhizoids, and stolons?

    <p>Mycelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristic structures is NOT found in fungi?

    <p>Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function do sporangia serve in fungi?

    <p>Producing spores for reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cellular feature distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Presence of a true nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of organism is classified as saprophytic?

    <p>Fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature helps many protists to capture food?

    <p>Pseudopodia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the structure of the mycelium?

    <p>Network of hyphae and other structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is true for eukaryotic cells?

    <p>They possess membrane-bound organelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is essential for the survival and propagation of viruses?

    <p>Host cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do bacteria adapt to environmental changes?

    <p>Through the presence of plasmids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common shape classification for bacteria?

    <p>Cocci</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the internal structure of prokaryotes?

    <p>They have a simple structure without membrane-bound organelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of bacteriophages?

    <p>They have a head, neck, and tail structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do viruses and bacteria primarily differ in structure?

    <p>Bacteria possess organelles, while viruses lack any cellular structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What closely characterizes protists as a group?

    <p>They encompass a diverse range of organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure do bacteria possess that aids in movement?

    <p>Flagella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure protects the DNA or RNA of a virus?

    <p>Capsid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature primarily distinguishes bacteria from viruses?

    <p>Ability to reproduce independently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is unique to protists compared to other organisms?

    <p>Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape classification of bacteria known as 'vibrios'?

    <p>Rod-shaped with a tail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about eukaryotic cells is correct?

    <p>They have a membrane-enclosed nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do flagella play in bacteria?

    <p>Movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is contained within the ribosomes of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures helps bacteria adhere to host cells?

    <p>Pili</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of organisms are classified as acellular?

    <p>Viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of organisms are fungi classified as?

    <p>Eukaryotic organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for the entire body of a fungus?

    <p>Mycelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are stolons in fungi primarily characterized as?

    <p>Horizontal hyphae that grow above the substrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are sporangia in the context of fungi?

    <p>Structures at the end of sporangiophores where spores are formed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature allows fungi to efficiently transport nutrients?

    <p>Hyphae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of saprophytic fungi?

    <p>They obtain nutrients from dead or decaying organic matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of spores in fungi?

    <p>To reproduce and spread the fungal colony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells have their DNA freely floating within a nucleoid?

    <p>Bacterial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is present in eukaryotic cells but absent in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Membrane-bound organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature makes viruses fundamentally different from living organisms?

    <p>They lack metabolic functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bacteria are described as having a rod shape?

    <p>Bacilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of contractile vacuoles in protists?

    <p>Regulating water content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of organism are bacteriophages?

    <p>Viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is unique to bacteria compared to other cellular organisms?

    <p>Presence of plasmids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cellular structure do protists share with plants?

    <p>Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the infection process of viruses?

    <p>Viruses inject their RNA into host cells using tail fibers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes why viruses are not considered living organisms?

    <p>They cannot replicate independently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Prokaryote vs Eukaryote Cells

    • Prokaryotic cells are considered primitive, they lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
    • Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
    • Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes share:
      • DNA
      • Ribosomes
      • Cell membrane

    Viruses

    • Viruses are acellular organisms meaning they are not considered living.
    • Viruses lack organelles, a nucleus, and cytoplasm, and cannot carry out life functions independently.
    • Viruses are classified as pathogenic.
    • Capsid: A protein coat surrounding the virus's nucleic acid, providing protection.
    • Envelope: An outer protective layer found on some viruses, adds to their durability.
    • Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria.
    • Head: The top portion of a bacteriophage, containing the genetic material.
    • Neck: Connects the head to the tail.
    • Tail: Allows the bacteriophage to attach to the bacteria and inject genetic material.
    • Tail Fibers: Help the bacteriophage to attach to the bacteria.

    Bacteria

    • Unicellular organisms existing as single cells or in colonies.
    • Shapes:
      • Cocci: Circular
      • Bacilli: Rod-shaped
      • Vibrios: Rod-shaped with a tail
      • Streptococci: Multiple cocci joined together
      • Streptobacilli: Multiple bacilli joined together
    • Capsule: Protective outer layer, similar to a virus envelope.
    • Cell Wall: Provides rigidity and protection, similar to plant cell walls.
    • Cell Membrane (Plasma membrane): Surrounds the bacterial cell, a key feature of all cells.
    • Nucleoid: Region where the bacterial DNA is located, it's free-floating and not enclosed by a membrane.
    • Plasmids: Circular rings of DNA that allow bacteria to replicate quickly and adapt to their environment.
    • Flagella (or flagellum): Long, tail-like structures used for movement.
    • Pili: Short, spike-like structures that help bacteria attach to hosts.

    Protists

    • Unicellular or Multicellular organisms.
    • Nucleus: A defining characteristic of eukaryotic cells, houses the DNA.
    • Contractile Vacuole: A unique feature of protists that regulates water content, preventing them from drowning.
    • Food Vacuole: Stores ingested food before it is digested.
    • Pseudopodia: False feet used to engulf food.

    Fungi

    • Unicellular or Multicellular organisms.
    • Saprophytic: Obtain nutrients by decomposing dead organic matter.
    • Hyphae: Long, thread-like cells that connect to form the mycelium.
    • Rhizoids: Root-like structures that anchor the fungi and absorb nutrients.
    • Stolon: Hyphae that grow horizontally above the substrate.
    • Mycelium: The entire network of hyphae and rhizoids that form the body of the fungi.
    • Sporangium: A round, ball-like structure at the end of the sporangiophore where spores are produced.
    • Spores: Reproductive cells released from the sporangium to spread and create new fungi.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    This quiz explores the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, highlighting their structures and functions. It also delves into the nature of viruses, their classifications, and components. Test your understanding of these fundamental biological concepts.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser