Programming Concepts and Structures
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between a low-level language and a high-level language?

Low-level languages are closer to machine code, providing less abstraction, while high-level languages offer greater abstraction, making them easier for humans to read and write.

Explain the concept of tokens in programming, specifically identifiers, keywords, constants, and character sets.

Tokens are the basic building blocks of a program; identifiers are names for entities, keywords are reserved words with special meanings, constants hold fixed values, and the character set includes all permissible characters.

What is the algorithm to calculate the area of a rectangle given its length and width?

The area can be calculated using the algorithm: 1) Input length and width. 2) Calculate area as length × width.

Describe the difference between call by value and call by reference in programming.

<p>Call by value passes a copy of the variable, leading to changes not affecting the original, while call by reference passes the address, allowing modifications to affect the original variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Write a program to check if a string is a palindrome using standard string library functions.

<p>Use <code>strcmp()</code> to compare the string with its reverse, which can be obtained by using <code>strrev()</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you implement a basic calculator using switch-case for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division?

<p>Use switch-case to evaluate the operation based on user input, where cases are defined for each operation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you determine if a given year is a leap year in programming?

<p>A year is a leap year if it is divisible by 4, but not divisible by 100 unless it is also divisible by 400.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the purpose of the continue and break statements in C.

<p>The <code>break</code> statement ends a loop immediately, while the <code>continue</code> statement skips the current iteration and proceeds to the next one.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Difference Between Low-Level and High-Level Languages

  • Low-level languages are closer to machine code, needing more detailed instructions for the computer to understand.
  • High-level languages are more abstract, making them easier for humans to write and understand.

String Input and Output

  • Write a program using gets() and puts() to take and display a string.

Nested Structure "Manager"

  • Define a Manager structure with fields for ID, name, department, salary, and an Address nested structure.
  • Address structure needs fields for building name, flat number, and city.
  • Create program to display all details of a manager.

Perimeter and Area of a Rectangle

  • Write algorithm and flowchart to calculate perimeter and area given length and width.

Programming Tokens

  • Explain identifiers, keywords, constants, and character sets in programming.

Palindrome Check

  • Write a program to check if a string is a palindrome using standard string library functions.

String Handling Functions

  • Explain string handling functions, including relevant examples.

Call by Value and Call by Reference

  • Explain call by value and call by reference mechanisms with examples.

Array Sum and Average

  • Write a program to calculate the sum and average of array elements.

C Data Input/Output Functions

  • Explain data input and output functions in C.

Algorithm and Flowchart

  • Distinguish between algorithms and flowcharts.

Function Definition and Use Cases

  • Define functions and explain their importance in C.
  • Write a program to determine if a number is prime using a function.

Calculator Program

  • Write a program to implement a calculator with add, subtract, multiply, and divide operations using a switch case.

Finding Smallest Among Three Numbers

  • Write a program to find the smallest number among three given numbers using logical operators.

Matrix Multiplication

  • Write a program for matrix multiplication.

Leap Year Check

  • Write a program to determine if a given year is a leap year or not.

Function Argument Passing

  • Explain two ways of passing arguments to a function.

Factorial Calculation Function

  • Write a program to calculate factorial of a number using a function.

Data Type Classification

  • Explain different data types with examples.

Operators and Examples

  • Explain various operators with relevant examples.

Continue and Break Statements

  • Explain the continue and break statements.

Branching Control Statements (C)

  • Explain branching control statements in C.

Pointer Swapping Program

  • Write a program to swap two numbers using pointers.

Pattern Printing Programs

  • Write programs to print patterns like 1, 12, 123, etc.

Pointers with Syntax

  • Explain pointers, including syntax 2 and pointer to pointer along with syntax 3.

Dynamic Memory Allocation Functions

  • Explain dynamic memory allocation functions.

Number Classification Program

  • Write a program to check if a number is zero, positive, or negative.

Prime Number Check (Using Function)

  • Write a program to check if a number is prime using a function.

Pointer Operator Explanation

  • Explain the pointer operator with an example.

Loop Control (Entry/Exit)

  • Differentiate between entry-controlled and exit-controlled loops (while and do-while).

Structure and Union

  • Explain structures and unions.

Fibonacci Series (Recursion)

  • Write a program to generate Fibonacci series using recursion.

Multi-Dimensional Arrays

  • Define multi-dimensional arrays with syntax and example.
  • Write program to transpose a matrix.

Switch Case and Program Purpose

  • Describe the purpose of switch case statements.
  • Write a menu-driven program for arithmetic operations.

One and Multi-Dimensional Arrays

  • Explain one and multi-dimensional arrays with examples.

Recursion Explanation and Factorial Program

  • Explain recursion and write a program to find a factorial using recursion.

Book Structure and Program

  • Define a structure 'Book' to store book details (title, author, price).
  • Create a C program to input details for three books, find the most expensive and cheapest, and display their information.

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Description

This quiz covers essential programming concepts such as low-level vs high-level languages, string input/output functions, and nested structures like Manager. Additionally, it includes practical exercises on calculating the perimeter and area of a rectangle and programming tokens, as well as a palindrome check algorithm.

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