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Questions and Answers
What type of government involves a single person having unlimited power?
What type of government involves a single person having unlimited power?
Which form of government seeks to control all aspects of social and economic life?
Which form of government seeks to control all aspects of social and economic life?
In which type of government is the political leader also the spiritual leader?
In which type of government is the political leader also the spiritual leader?
Which system involves communal ownership and operates based on equity and fairness?
Which system involves communal ownership and operates based on equity and fairness?
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What distinguishes democracy from other forms of government with respect to power distribution?
What distinguishes democracy from other forms of government with respect to power distribution?
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Which form of government provides healthcare, education, and welfare to its people?
Which form of government provides healthcare, education, and welfare to its people?
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What does the term 'decision making' refer to?
What does the term 'decision making' refer to?
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Which indicator of governance emphasizes the active involvement of all affected parties in decision-making?
Which indicator of governance emphasizes the active involvement of all affected parties in decision-making?
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What is the role of structures in the governance process?
What is the role of structures in the governance process?
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Which aspect of governance ensures that valuable resources are not wasted or underutilized?
Which aspect of governance ensures that valuable resources are not wasted or underutilized?
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What does the Rule of Law demand from people and civil society?
What does the Rule of Law demand from people and civil society?
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Which term refers to an organization or mechanism guiding the decision-making process?
Which term refers to an organization or mechanism guiding the decision-making process?
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According to Aristotle, a human being is considered a political animal because:
According to Aristotle, a human being is considered a political animal because:
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What is the main function of a State according to the text?
What is the main function of a State according to the text?
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Which concept relates to legalizing and penalizing the abuse of political power?
Which concept relates to legalizing and penalizing the abuse of political power?
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What is the difference between coercion and influence in terms of imposing one's will on another?
What is the difference between coercion and influence in terms of imposing one's will on another?
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Which form of power looks at the position and roles of different actors in relation to each other?
Which form of power looks at the position and roles of different actors in relation to each other?
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In the context of structures of order, what does 'Government' primarily exist for?
In the context of structures of order, what does 'Government' primarily exist for?
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What are the main elements of a state according to Max Weber?
What are the main elements of a state according to Max Weber?
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Which group does not contribute to sustaining the state according to the text?
Which group does not contribute to sustaining the state according to the text?
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What is a characteristic of state sovereignty based on the text?
What is a characteristic of state sovereignty based on the text?
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How can a state increase its territory according to the text?
How can a state increase its territory according to the text?
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What is the purpose of a government according to UNDP and Young (1996)?
What is the purpose of a government according to UNDP and Young (1996)?
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What does the term 'administration' refer to in the context of the state elements?
What does the term 'administration' refer to in the context of the state elements?
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Which method determines citizenship based on blood relationship?
Which method determines citizenship based on blood relationship?
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Which right involves expressing choices for or against a proposed law?
Which right involves expressing choices for or against a proposed law?
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What is the privilege that guarantees an individual's right to be released if unlawfully detained?
What is the privilege that guarantees an individual's right to be released if unlawfully detained?
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What does plebiscite involve?
What does plebiscite involve?
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What is the main difference between a citizen and an alien?
What is the main difference between a citizen and an alien?
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In which method of acquiring citizenship does one become a member through place of birth?
In which method of acquiring citizenship does one become a member through place of birth?
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Study Notes
Politics, State, and Governance
- Politics is the social activity that deals with the relation to the affairs of state (Aristotle)
- Politics is the process of making authoritative decisions on the allocation of values in a society (David Easton)
- Politics is any activity involving human beings associated together in relationships of power and authority where conflict occurs (Robert Dahl)
Basic Concepts of Politics
- Power: The ability to impose one's will on another, to get one's own way, or to do or get what one wants
- State: An organization that has a number of political functions and tasks
- Nation: A group of people with a sense of unity based on shared traits, attributes, customs, and order
- Justice: The process of legalizing and penalizing the abuse of political power and the power to rule
Forms of Power
- Authority: Imposition of one's will on another by reason of legitimacy
- Coercion: Imposition of one's will on another by the use of penalty, force, or threat of force
- Influence: Imposition of one's will on another through persuasion and voluntary compliance
- Compulsory: Direct control of one actor affects another
- Institutional: Indirect ways in which an actor affects another
- Structural: Looks at the position and roles of various actors in relation to each other
- Productive: Looks at the relative position of actors, their social production of roles, and how it affects actions
Elements of State
- People: Sustain the state, and without people, there is no state
- Territory: The place where the people live, with four types: terrestrial, fluvial, maritime, and aerial
- Government: The agency through which the will of the state is formulated and carried out
- Sovereignty: The supreme power of the state to command and enforce obedience to its will from people within its jurisdiction and to have freedom from foreign control
Characteristics of Sovereignty
- Absolute: Not subject to restrictions
- Comprehensive: Authority extends to all citizens, aliens, and within the territory
- Permanent: If the state exists, sovereignty exists
- Indivisible: Cannot be divided, one authority of the state
Government and Governance
- Purpose and Necessity of Government: Advancement of public welfare
- Transparency of Government: People are open to information regarding the decision-making process and implementation
- Simplicity of Procedures: Easy to understand and follow
- Responsibility: Government is accountable for its actions
- Fight Against Corruption: Preventing the abuse of power
- Individual Freedom and Collective Expression: Ensuring the rights of citizens
- Independent Judicial System: A separate and impartial system of justice
Decision Making and Implementation
- Decision Making: The process of arriving at a decision involving individual and communal needs and wants
- Implementation: The process that logically follows the decision
Actors and Structures
- Actors: Sectors or groups that participate in the decision-making process and implementation
- Structures: Organizations or mechanisms that guide the decision-making process and set into motion the different actors and apparatuses in the implementation process
Indicators of Governance
- Participation: Active involvement of all affected and interested parties in the decision-making process
- Rule of Law: The people and civil society render habitual obedience to the law
- Effectiveness and Efficiency: Actors meet the needs of society, and valuable resources are utilized without waste
- Transparency: People are open to information regarding the decision-making process and implementation
Types of Government
- Autocracy: Government by a single person having unlimited power
- Totalitarianism: The government seeks to control all aspects of social and economic life
- Socialism: A system where the means of production and distribution are controlled by the people and operated according to equity and fairness
- Theocracy: A government where the political leader is also the spiritual leader or the spiritual leader is given political power
- Communism: The government owns property, and the people's healthcare, education, and welfare are provided
Characteristics of Democracy
- Bill of Rights: A document that outlines the rights of citizens
- Constitution: A document that outlines the rules and laws of the state
- Right of Suffrage: The right to vote
- Majority Rule: Decisions are made by the majority of the people
- Principle of Separation of Powers: The division of power between the executive, legislative, and judiciary branches
- Tripartite System: The system of government composed of the executive, legislative, and judiciary branches
- Observance of Law: The government and citizens are subject to the law
- Irrepealable Laws: Laws that cannot be changed
- Laws not Men: The law is supreme, not individuals
- Meditating Institutions: Institutions that help resolve disputes and protect the rights of citizens
- Natural Rights: Rights that are inherent to human beings
- Constitutional Rights: Rights that are protected by the constitution
- Statutory Rights: Rights that are protected by laws and regulations
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Description
Test your knowledge on the process and actors involved in governance decision making and implementation. Explore topics such as transparency, simplicity of procedures, responsibility, fight against corruption, individual freedom, and an independent judicial system.
