Problem-Solving and Creativity Strategies
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following accurately describes the components of problem-solving?

  • Initial state, goal state, operators, and path constraints (correct)
  • Initial state, solution state, operators, and barriers
  • Initial state, goal state, and emotional state
  • Present state, solutions, operators, and outcomes

    • The initial state is the desired state you are working toward in problem-solving.

    False

    What is the process of overcoming obstacles to reach a goal state called?

    Problem solving

    The final stage in the Four Stages of Creativity is _____

    <p>verification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the terms related to problem-solving with their correct definitions:

    <p>Initial state = The starting knowledge and resources Goal state = The desired outcome you are working toward Operators = The available tools or actions Path constraints = Limits to the operations available</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of thinking is characterized by moving one's thoughts in novel, unanticipated directions?

    <p>Divergent thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Convergent thinking is more associated with finding connections between seemingly distinct ideas.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What task is used to measure divergent thinking by generating alternative uses for common objects?

    <p>Alternative Use Task (AUT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ Associates Test measures convergent thinking.

    <p>Remote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following problems to their respective creativity measurement:

    <p>Remote Associates Test = Convergent thinking Two-string problem = Overcoming functional fixedness Alternative Use Task = Generating new uses for objects Divergent thinking = Exploring many solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of creativity involves transformative learning and personally meaningful interpretations?

    <p>mini-c</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Big-C creativity is always recognized at an individual level.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four stages of creativity according to Wallas?

    <p>Preparation, Incubation, Illumination, Verification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The second stage of creativity, where one sets the problem aside, is called __________.

    <p>Incubation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of creativity with its description:

    <p>mini-c = Transformative learning little-c = Everyday problem-solving Pro-c = Vocational creativity Big-C = Eminent creativity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential prerequisite for exceptional Big-C creativity?

    <p>Intellectual capacities and personality traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Illumination guarantees a correct solution to the problem.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'warmth' refer to in the context of illumination?

    <p>The perceived closeness to an answer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the term 'problem space'?

    <p>All possible solution paths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Heuristics involve considering the entire problem space.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of analogical transfer in problem-solving?

    <p>To apply past problem-solving methods to new problems with similar structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Functional fixedness limits our _____ and increases constraints.

    <p>Operators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following problem-solving concepts with their descriptions:

    <p>Functional Fixedness = Rigidity in thinking about an object's function Einstellung = Predisposition to solve a problem in a specific way Heuristics = Partial exploration of the problem space Algorithms = Complete exploration of the problem space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding creativity in problem-solving?

    <p>Creativity can enhance problem-solving abilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do experts require fewer hints to solve problems compared to novices?

    <p>Experts have more experience and can better identify the underlying logic of a problem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Einstellung helps to increase the number of options available for solving a problem.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of algorithms in problem-solving?

    <p>They follow a systematic step-by-step procedure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hill-climbing strategy is the most flexible approach to reaching a goal.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the means-end heuristic entail?

    <p>Breaking the problem into sub-problems, each with its own sub-goal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If there are more ______ than hobbits on one side of the river, the orcs will eat the hobbits.

    <p>orcs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following problem-solving strategies with their descriptions:

    <p>Heuristics = Strategies that offer short-cuts and are typically less systematic. Algorithms = A guaranteed step-by-step method for solving problems. Hill-climbing = A direct approach that seeks to improve current state. Means-end analysis = Breaking problems into smaller sub-goals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which problem illustrates the use of hill climbing and means-end heuristics?

    <p>Hobbits and Orcs problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Heuristics are always guaranteed to produce a solution.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial state in the Hobbits and Orcs problem?

    <p>People and a river.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Problem-Solving & Creativity

    • Problem-solving involves a gap between the initial and desired states.
    • Problem-solving is the process of overcoming hurdles to reach the goal state.
    • Components of problem-solving include the initial state (knowledge and resources), goal state (desired state), operators (available tools or actions), and path constraints (limits to operations).
    • Strategies for solving problems include heuristics, algorithms, and analogies.

    Defining the Problem

    • Questioning the problem from various angles.
    • Visualizing the problem using diagrams and or pictures.
    • Identifying the components of a problem and defining them in operational terms.
    • Separating opinion from concrete evidence.
    • Understanding relationships between variables within the initial, operational, and goal states.
    • Breaking the problem down into smaller parts.

    Problem-solving Strategies

    • Heuristics: Strategies for solution paths.
    • Hill-climbing strategy: The most direct path to a goal.
    • Means-end heuristic: Breaking a problem into subproblems, each with its own sub-goal
    • Each sub-goal is a step towards achieving the ultimate goal.
    • Algorithms: Systematic, step-by-step procedures that guarantee a solution but may be computationally intensive.
      • Example: Solving anagrams
      • Computation complexity increases alongside the problem space.
    • Analogies: Relying on previously experienced problem-solving methods for use in solving problems that have similar structures.
      • Finding the underlying logic to solve problems.
      • Important to look beyond superficial elements and look at the underlying logic of a problem.
      • Expertise in a field helps to identify underlying logic more easily.

    Judging / Evaluating Options

    • Select the solution path.
    • Evaluate solutions for predicted success.
    • Ensure alignment with goals.
    • Ensure practicality and feasibility regarding resources.

    Creativity

    • Creativity is essential for problem-solving, and vice versa.
    • Creativity involves the production of new and original work.
      • Four-C creativity model to categorise types of creativity; mini-c, pro-c, little-c, and big-c.
    • Key aspects that determine the type of creativity include; context for new ideas, impact on individuals, socio-cultural significance, impact on the world.
    • Potential prerequisites for exceptional creativity can be: knowledge and skill in the domain; intellectual capacities and personality traits; conducive social, cultural, historical contexts.
      • Practicing and applying the skills and understanding of problem-solving, practice, experience, learning, knowledge can increase creativity.

    Stages of Creativity

    • Preparation: Identifying and defining problems.
    • Incubation: Setting the problem aside for unconscious processing.
    • Illumination: Emerging insight/new ideas.
    • Verification/Elaboration: Solving the problem using insights.

    Testing Creativity

    • Convergent thinking: Finding connections between seemingly distinct ideas.
    • Divergent thinking: Moving thoughts in novel and unexpected directions.
    • Tools to gauge creativity include; the Remote Associates Test (RAT); two-string problem; and the Alternative Use Task (AUT).

    Obstacles to Problem-Solving

    • Functional fixedness: Being rigid in thinking about how objects can be used.
    • Einstellung: A predisposition to solve a problem a certain way, similar to functional fixedness but applies to approaching problems.

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    Problem-Solving & Creativity PDF

    Description

    Explore the essential concepts of problem-solving and creativity, including defining problems, identifying components, and applying various strategies such as heuristics and algorithms. This quiz will help you understand how to approach and resolve challenges effectively in various contexts.

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