Principles of Instrument Processing Chapter 21
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Questions and Answers

What does event related packaging assume?

  • Contents will remain sterile indefinitely unless compromised (correct)
  • Contents need constant monitoring for sterility
  • Contents will never remain sterile
  • Contents will remain sterile for 30 days only

    • What is a sterilant?

    An agent capable of killing all organisms.

    What is an autoclave?

    Equipment used for sterilizing by means of moist heat under pressure.

    What are biologic indicators?

    <p>Vials or strips also known as spore tests that contain harmless bacterial spores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a chemical vapor sterilizer?

    <p>Equipment used for sterilizing by means of hot formaldehyde vapors under pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical instrument?

    <p>An instrument used to penetrate soft tissue or bone and must be heat sterilized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are semi-critical instruments?

    <p>Instruments that come in contact with oral tissues but do not penetrate soft tissue or bone and should be heat sterilized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are non-critical instruments?

    <p>Instruments that come in contact with intact skin only.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clean area in a sterilization center?

    <p>Part of the sterilization center where sterilized instruments and supplies are stored.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the contaminated area?

    <p>Part of the sterilization center where contaminated instruments are brought for pre-cleaning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a dry heat sterilizer work?

    <p>It uses heated air to sterilize instruments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the use-life of a germicidal solution?

    <p>The length of time that a germicidal solution is effective after being prepared for use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a biologic monitor verify?

    <p>It confirms that all spore-forming organisms have been destroyed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are multi-parameter indicators?

    <p>Tapes, strips, and tabs with heat sensitive chemicals that change color when exposed to certain temperatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an endospore?

    <p>A resistant, dormant structure formed inside of some bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an ultrasonic cleaner do?

    <p>It loosens and removes debris with the use of sound waves traveling through a liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a single parameter indicator?

    <p>It reacts to time, temperature, and presence of steam.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the methods of pre-cleaning instruments?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the least desirable method of pre-cleaning instruments?

    <p>Hand scrubbing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does an ultrasonic cleaner work?

    <p>It uses sound waves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Kitchen dishwashers are FDA approved for pre-cleaning instruments.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of lubricants in instrument processing?

    <p>Used to prevent rust on instruments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be ensured before wrapping instruments for sterilization?

    <p>Instruments should be clean and dry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is biological monitoring?

    <p>The best way to determine whether sterilization has occurred.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes sterilization failures?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common forms of heat sterilization?

    <p>Steam, chemical vapor, dry heat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary disadvantage of flash sterilization?

    <p>Inability to wrap items.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major advantage of chemical vapor sterilization?

    <p>Instruments will not rust.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is static air?

    <p>An example of dry heat sterilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of water is used to rinse instruments processed in a liquid chemical sterilant?

    <p>Sterile water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to prepare a high-speed handpiece for sterilization?

    <p>Flush water through it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of heat sterilization is appropriate for high-speed handpieces?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are examples of semi-critical instruments?

    <p>Plastic handled brushes, high volume evaluator tips, rubber dam forceps, amalgam carriers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can a dental assistant be exposed to microorganisms?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cavitation?

    <p>The formation of bubbles in liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does an ultrasonic cleaner work?

    <p>It works by sound waves beyond the range of human hearing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of inadequate instrument cleaning?

    <p>Organisms may be insulated from sterilizing agents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are examples of improper packaging for sterilization?

    <p>Excessive wrapping, packaging materials not compatible with the type of sterilizer, closed containers in vapor or autoclave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if there is excessive wrapping of instruments?

    <p>Prevents sterilizing agent from reaching instruments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from using closed containers in vapor or autoclave?

    <p>Agents can't reach inside surfaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of overloading a sterilizer?

    <p>Increases time to reach proper temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if there is a lack of separation between packages in the sterilizer?

    <p>May prevent sterilizing agent from reaching all the items and surfaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from improper timing of sterilization?

    <p>Insufficient time to sterilize.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do examples of improper sterilization technique include?

    <p>Error in operation, malfunction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Instrument Processing and Sterilization

    • Event Related Packaging: Sterility of package contents is maintained indefinitely unless the package is compromised.
    • Sterilant: An agent that kills all microorganisms, ensuring complete sterilization.
    • Autoclave: A sterilization device that uses moist heat and pressure to eliminate organisms.
    • Biologic Indicators: Also known as spore tests, these contain harmless spores to verify the effectiveness of sterilizers.
    • Chemical Vapor Sterilizer: Utilizes hot formaldehyde vapors under pressure for sterilization purposes.
    • Critical Instruments: Tools that penetrate soft tissue or bone; they must always be heat sterilized.
    • Semi-Critical Instruments: Tools that contact oral tissues without penetrating; they should be heat sterilized.
    • Non-Critical Instruments: Items that only touch intact skin; sterilization requirements are less stringent.
    • Clean Area: A designated space for storing sterilized instruments and supplies.
    • Contaminated Area: The section of the sterilization center dedicated to precleaning contaminated instruments.
    • Dry Heat Sterilizer: A sterilization method that uses heated air to achieve sanitation.
    • Use-Life: The effective time span for a prepared germicidal solution.
    • Biologic Monitor: Confirms sterilization by ensuring all spore-forming organisms are eliminated.
    • Multi-Parameter Indicators: Items like tapes or strips that change color based on exposure to specific conditions.
    • Endospore: A resilient, dormant structure in some bacteria that withstands harsh environments.
    • Ultrasonic Cleaner: A device using sound waves in liquids to dislodge debris from instruments.
    • Single Parameter Indicator: Devices that respond to specific sterilization conditions such as time or temperature.
    • Instrument Classification: Based on sterilization needs: Critical, Semi-Critical, Non-Critical.
    • Goggle Type Eyewear: Essential personal protective equipment (PPE) during instrument processing.
    • Single-Loop Workflow: Recommended workflow pattern to ensure efficiency in the processing area.
    • Holding Solution: Where instruments unable to be processed immediately are placed.
    • Precleaning Methods: Include hand scrubbing, ultrasonic cleaning, and thermal washer disinfector.
    • Hand Scrubbing: Considered the least effective method for precleaning instruments.
    • Kitchen Dishwashers: Not FDA approved for instrument precleaning due to inadequate sanitization capabilities.
    • Lubricants: Used on instruments to prevent rust and maintain functionality.
    • Packaging for Sterilization: Essential for maintaining sterility after sterilization processes.
    • Forms of Sterilization Monitoring: Involves physical, chemical, and biological methods for verifying sterility.
    • Spore Testing: A method of biological monitoring to confirm effective sterilization.
    • Common Heat Sterilization Methods: Include steam, chemical vapor, and dry heat.
    • Flash Sterilization Disadvantage: Lacks the ability to wrap items for protection and sterility maintenance.
    • Chemical Vapor Major Advantage: Prevents rusting of instruments during the sterilization process.
    • Static Air Example: Type of dry heat sterilization process.
    • Sterile Water: Used for rinsing instruments treated with liquid chemical sterilants.
    • High-Speed Handpiece Preparation: Requires flushing water through before sterilization.
    • Appropriate Heat Sterilization for Handpieces: Steam, chemical vapor, and liquid chemical sterilants are suitable.
    • Examples of Semi-Critical Instruments: Include plastic-handled brushes, HVE tips, rubber dam forceps, and amalgam carriers.
    • Microorganism Exposure for Dental Assistants: Can occur through contact with contaminated instruments via percutaneous or permucosal means.
    • Cavitation: The formation of bubbles in a liquid, a principle used in ultrasonic cleaning.
    • Ultrasonic Cleaner Function: Uses inaudible sound waves to create cavitation for debris removal.
    • Ultrasonic Cleaner Solution: Highly contaminated and needs to be replaced daily or when visibly cloudy.
    • Chemical Vapor Sterilization Benefits: Prevents rust, dulling, and corrosion of metal instruments.
    • Endospores Characteristics: They exhibit resistance and dormancy enabling survival under harsh conditions.
    • Recommended Sterilizing Techniques: Steam and chemical vapor sterilization are preferred for longevity and effectivity.
    • Instrument Preparation for Sterilization: Must ensure cleanliness and dryness to avoid rusting.
    • Importance of Cleaning Before Wrapping: Avoiding rust is crucial—clean and dry instruments ensure effective sterilization.
    • Consequences of Inadequate Cleaning: Residual organisms may shield themselves from sterilizing agents.
    • Improper Packaging Examples: May include excessive wrapping or using incompatible materials.
    • Excessive Wrapping Impact: Blocks sterilizing agents from contacting instruments effectively.
    • Wrong Packaging Materials: Can lead to melting or hinder penetration of sterilizing agents.
    • Closed Containers Use: In vapor or autoclave processes, they prevent sterilizing agents from reaching interior surfaces.
    • Improper Sterilizer Loading Examples: Issues include overloading and failure to separate packaging adequately.
    • Overloading Results: Can delay reaching proper temperatures and hinder sterilizing agent penetration.
    • Lack of Separation Consequences: Hinders effective sterilization as agents may not contact all items.
    • Improper Timing Examples: Can involve starting timers incorrectly or premature door openings.
    • Consequences of Improper Timing: Insufficient time during sterilization can prevent effectiveness.
    • Improper Sterilization Techniques: Errors in method operation can result in malfunction and ineffective sterilization.

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    Description

    This quiz covers key concepts from Chapter 21 on the principles and techniques of instrument processing and sterilization. It includes important terms such as event-related packaging, sterilants, and autoclaves necessary for maintaining sterile environments in medical settings.

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