Autoclave Sterilization Process

The pore size is smaller than that of bacteria

For sterilization, by forcing the fluid through the disc (membrane) by pressing the piston of the syringe

Ionization and free radical production (gamma-rays and electrons) or excitation (UV light)

<p>UV light</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacterial spores and viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To decontaminate the air input into operation rooms, drug filling cubicles and laminar flow cabinets</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To test the efficiency of bacterial filters</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gamma-rays and accelerated electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The most effective bactericidal wavelength of UV light is around 260 nm, which is the wavelength most effectively absorbed by DNA, thereby interfering with DNA replication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacterial spores are generally more resistant to UV light than vegetative cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>UV light is used to disinfect drinking water and enclosed areas such as entryways, hospital wards, operating theatres, laboratories, and ventilated safety cabinets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ionizing radiation damages DNA through various mechanisms, including radiolysis of water, which contributes to damaging processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cobalt-60 source is used to produce high-energy gamma-rays for radiation sterilization of heat-sensitive products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two types of electron accelerator machines are the electrostatic accelerator and the microwave linear accelerator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The maximum energy of electrons produced by the microwave linear accelerator is 10 MeV.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radiation sterilization is generally applied to articles in the dried state because undesirable changes can occur in irradiated preparations, especially those in aqueous solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure proper sterilization of the materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Materials that are water-containing, permeable, or wettable and not liable to be damaged by the process</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To test the effectiveness of sterilization by detecting the presence or absence of growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The change from red to green indicates proper sterilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sieving</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It removes, rather than destroys, microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To monitor and control the temperature during the sterilization process</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heat-labile materials, such as sera, solutions of sugars or antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synthetic membrane filters are derived from cellulose esters or other polymeric materials, and they approximate most closely to sieve filters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibrous pads, sintered glass, and sintered ceramic products rely primarily on mechanisms of adsorption and entrapment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heat-sensitive solutions are sterilized using filters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Filters are used to separate bacteriophages and bacterial toxins from bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Earthware filters are manufactured in several different grades of porosity, and examples include Chamberland, Doulton, Berkefeld, and Mandler filters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Asbestos filters are made up of a disc of asbestos (magnesium trisilicate) supported on a perforated metal disc within a metal funnel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sintered glass filters are prepared by size grading powdered glass followed by heating, and they are characterized by their porosity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Membrane filters are manufactured from a variety of polymeric materials such as cellulose nitrate, cellulose diacetate, polycarbonate, and polyester, and they have a range of porosity from 0.015 to 12 µm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High-level disinfectants can generally approach sterilization in effectiveness, whereas spore forms can survive intermediate-level disinfection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-critical instruments and devices, such as blood pressure cuffs, electrocardiogram electrodes, and stethoscopes, are treated with low-level disinfectants because they do not penetrate through mucosal surfaces or into sterile tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They damage the cell membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They denature proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intermediate-level disinfectants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They modify functional groups of proteins and nucleic acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>These instruments are involved in invasive procedures and cannot withstand sterilization procedures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They do not penetrate through mucosal surfaces or into sterile tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers