Community - L5 - Horus

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is an example of primary prevention related to air quality?

  • Implementing antismoking programs.
  • Controlling emissions from industrial plants. (correct)
  • Using exfoliative cytology.
  • Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma.

What is the primary aim of 'secondary prevention' strategies in the context of cancer?

  • To offer palliative care and improve quality of life.
  • To prevent exposure to carcinogenic substances.
  • To detect and treat cancer in its early stages. (correct)
  • To provide rehabilitation services for cancer patients.

Which strategy exemplifies the tertiary level of cancer prevention?

  • Providing chemotherapy to manage the disease. (correct)
  • Implementing vaccination programs against cancer-causing viruses.
  • Regulating the nicotine content in cigarettes.
  • Avoiding excessive exposure to sun rays.

Which of the following measures is considered a part of primary prevention against cancer?

<p>Controlling traffic to reduce air pollution. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main emphasis of secondary prevention in managing cancer risks?

<p>Early detection and prompt treatment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action falls under tertiary cancer prevention strategies?

<p>Providing rehabilitation services to improve patients' quality of life. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What activity exemplifies primary prevention in the context of minimizing cancer risk?

<p>Promoting food sanitation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action is a component of secondary prevention related to cancer management?

<p>Health appraisal for the early diagnosis and treatment of precancerous lesions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a tertiary prevention strategy for cancer?

<p>Providing radiation therapy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can public health initiatives support the primary prevention of cancer related to drug use?

<p>Promoting public education to avoid drug use without prescription. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which initiative aligns with secondary cancer prevention efforts?

<p>Conducting mammography screenings. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What measure represents tertiary prevention for individuals affected by cancer?

<p>Enhancing rehabilitation programs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which regulation primarily supports cancer's primary prevention?

<p>Providing health warnings on cigarette boxes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action serves as a secondary preventive measure against cancer?

<p>Screening specific age groups for cervical cancer. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Among the options, which is an example of tertiary cancer prevention?

<p>Providing immune therapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a secondary prevention strategy related to occupational cancer risks?

<p>Monitoring personnel exposure to radiation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Applying health education, what initiative supports cancer-related primary prevention?

<p>Promoting basic facts about nature, etiology &amp; underlying factors of cancer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What falls under the strategy of secondary prevention related to cancer?

<p>Screenings tests (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does control of dust and fumes serve as primary prevention in industrial settings?

<p>It reduces exposure to carcinogenic substances. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component represents tertiary prevention in managing cancer?

<p>Rehabilitation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When implementing air sanitation strategies as a primary measure for cancer prevention, what broader objective is being targeted?

<p>Minimizing exposure to carcinogenic chemicals present in the atmosphere. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Beyond individual measures, what systemic approach most effectively supports 'smoking control' as a primary cancer prevention strategy?

<p>Implementing broad public health campaigns to reduce smoking initiation and promote cessation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of primary cancer prevention, what is the key rationale for 'drug control' concerning potentially carcinogenic drugs?

<p>Preventing the use of substances known to increase cancer risk through regulation and education. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is implementing 'safety measures' for radiation sources critical as a primary cancer prevention strategy within occupational settings?

<p>To minimize employees' exposure to carcinogenic radiation, reducing the risk of cancer development. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important goal of 'eliminating carcinogenic products' within industrial settings as a primary prevention strategy?

<p>To prevent worker exposure to cancer-causing agents, thereby reducing cancer incidence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does vaccination against HBV and HPV, as a specific cancer prevention measure, primarily contribute to reducing cancer incidence?

<p>By preventing infection with viruses known to cause certain types of cancer. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes 'health education' a cornerstone strategy in the primary prevention of cancer?

<p>It empowers individuals through knowledge to make informed choices that reduce cancer risks. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does regulating 'nicotine and tar contents' in cigarettes serve the aims of legislation-based primary cancer prevention?

<p>Minimizing the addictive potential of cigarettes, facilitating smoking cessation and preventing initiation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying objective of secondary prevention strategies that advocate for 'clinical exams'?

<p>Identifying and addressing cancers at their earliest, most treatable stages. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary intention behind implementing 'screening tests' as a method of secondary cancer prevention?

<p>To identify cancers as early as possible, even before symptoms arise. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of secondary cancer prevention, how do 'survey studies' contribute to the overall strategy?

<p>By gathering data on cancer prevalence to inform prevention and control efforts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is 'screening for hepatocellular carcinoma' in high-risk individuals considered a secondary prevention strategy?

<p>It allows for cancer detection at an earlier, more treatable stage. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does 'surgery' function within the framework of tertiary cancer prevention?

<p>By removing tumors or managing cancer-related complications to improve patient outcomes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does 'radiotherapy' play as a component of tertiary cancer prevention?

<p>Treating existing cancer by destroying cancer cells, alleviating symptoms, and improving patient outcomes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what capacity is 'chemotherapy' utilized within the concept of tertiary cancer prevention?

<p>Preventing the proliferation of cancer cells, slowing disease progression, and alleviating symptoms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does 'hormonal therapy' contribute to tertiary cancer prevention efforts?

<p>By manipulating hormone levels to slow or stop the growth of hormone-sensitive cancers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Within the framework of tertiary cancer prevention, what is the primary aim of 'immune therapy'?

<p>Stimulating the body’s natural defenses to combat cancer more effectively. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental goal of 'rehabilitation' as a part of tertiary cancer prevention strategies?

<p>To help patients regain physical, emotional, and social well-being after cancer treatment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of occupational exposures, why is 'protection of workers by protective clothes' considered a primary cancer prevention measure?

<p>It minimizes exposure to toxic substances, thereby lowering the risk of cancer development. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Within the context of primary prevention, what is the rationale behind advocating for a 'healthy lifestyle'?

<p>Healthy lifestyles reduce the cancer risk by strengthening the body's systems. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Primary Cancer Prevention

Strategies to lower cancer risk, including air sanitation, general measures to prevent infectious diseases, food sanitation, smoking control, and antismoking programs.

Air Sanitation

Control of traffic, motor vehicles, fuel, and industrial plants (site and waste) to improve air quality.

Drug Control

Managing potentially harmful drugs and cosmetics by ensuring sale and administration only under medical supervision and through public education.

Occupational Exposure (Radiation)

Safety measures, personnel protection, and exposure monitoring.

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Radiotherapy

Proper treatment dosage and supervision.

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Education on Sun Exposure

Avoiding excessive sun exposure.

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Chemical Carcinogens Control

Eliminating carcinogenic products, controlling dust and fumes, and ensuring worker protection.

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Medical Care (Cancer)

Health evaluations for early detection and management of precancerous conditions like leucoplakia, adenoma, and peptic ulcer.

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HBV & HPV Immunization

Vaccination and seroprophylaxis against HBV & HPV

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Specific Prevention Immunization

Vaccination and Seroprophylaxis against HBV & HPV.

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Chemoprophylaxis

Treatment of schistosomiasis to prevent bladder cancer.

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General Knowledge (Cancer)

Basic facts about nature, reasons and factors of cancer.

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Personal Habits in Cancer Prevention

Health promotion, a healthy lifestyle, prevention of communicable diseases, and avoiding drug abuse.

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Seeking Medical Care

Seeking medical care for early diagnosis and treatment.

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Cancer Danger Signals

Lump, change in mole, blood loss, cough, digestive changes, and unexplained weight loss.

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Cancer Legislation

Health warnings on products and regulations on nicotine, smoking, and workplace chemicals.

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Cancer Early Case Finding

Clinical and periodic medical exams

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Screening Tests

Exfoliative cytology and mammography.

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Tertiary Prevention

Surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, immune therapy, and rehabilitation.

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What is air sanitation?

Activities to maintain or improve air quality.

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What are general measures to prevent infectious diseases?

Actions taken to prevent spread of infectious diseases in a community.

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What is drug control?

Rules concerning potentially harmful substances.

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What ensures occupational safety with radiation?

Strategies to minimize radiation exposure in the workplace.

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What ensures effective radiotherapy?

The right amount and supervision when using radiation for treatment.

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What is education on sun safety?

The limit of sun exposure and harm.

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What is chemical carcinogen control?

Eliminate carcinogens, control exposure, and protect workers.

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What does medical care involve?

Assessment for early disease identification and management.

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What is disease prevention by vaccination?

Vaccines against viruses.

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What does Chemoprophylaxis entail?

Using medication to prevent cancer development.

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What is general knowledge about cancer?

Basic knowledge for preventing cancer.

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What personal routines help prevent cancer?

A healthy lifestyle for cancer prevention.

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Why is seeking medical care important?

Prompt diagnosis and intervention for cancer.

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Study Notes

PRIMARY PREVENTION

  • Involves air sanitation, preventing air pollution through control of traffic, motor vehicles, fuel, and industrial plants, with a focus on site and waste.
  • General measures prevent infectious diseases.
  • Includes food sanitation and smoking control with antismoking programs.
  • Drug control involves testing drugs and cosmetics for carcinogenicity.
  • Potentially carcinogenic drugs must be sold and given only under medical supervision and public education aims to avoid drug use without prescription.
  • Radiation exposure can be reduced via safety measures such as safety measures for radiation sources, personnel protection, and exposure monitoring.
  • Radiotherapy includes proper dose and scheme of treatment, and supervision of cases.
  • Public education aims to avoid excessive exposure to sun rays.
  • Elimination of carcinogenic products and control of dust and fumes using extraction systems reduces chemical carcinogens in the industry.
  • Protection of workers through protective clothing like masks and gloves can reduce chemical carcinogens in the industry
  • Regular health appraisals allow for diagnosis and treatment of precancerous lesions such as Leucoplakia, Adenoma, and Peptic ulcer.
  • Prevention of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.
  • Specific prevention includes immunization with vaccination & seroprophylaxis against HBV & human papillomavirus (HPV).
  • Chemoprophylaxis includes treatment of schistosomiasis as prophylaxis for cancer bladder.

Health Education and Regulations

  • General knowledge includes basic facts about nature, etiology, and underlying factors of cancer.
  • Improve personal hygiene and choose a healthy lifestyle (changing faulty habits regarding smoking, alcohol & dietary habits).
  • Focus on personal prevention of communicable diseases and avoid drug abuse.
  • Seek medical care for early diagnosis & treatment.
  • Danger signals of cancer include lumps or masses or sores that do not get better, change in wart mole, blood loss from any nature orifice, persistent cough with hoarseness of voice, persistent change in digestive bowel habit, and unexplained loss of weight.
  • Health warnings should be included on potentially carcinogenic products (cigarette boxes and drugs).
  • Regulation focuses on nicotine and tar contents of cigarettes.
  • Smoking control in public places and means of transport.
  • Monitoring of chemicals in the atmosphere of the workplace and industry.

SECONDARY PREVENTION

  • Secondary prevention is the basis of control and can be done through clinical exams, covering accessible body sites.
  • 75% cancers occur in accessible body sites.
  • It Encompasses initial and periodic medical exams, and survey studies to collect data including prevalence rather than case finding.
  • Screening tests include exfoliative cytology(Vaginal smear - Sputum - etc…), mammography and screening for hepatocellular carcinoma (Fetoprotein - HBs Ag carriers)
  • Screening tests are used for at-risk individuals or groups such as high-risk or at-risk occupational groups.
  • Screening tests are used for cases with precancerous lesions, individuals with a positive family history, and specific age groups such as women aged ≥50 years for cancer cervix.

TERTIARY PREVENTION

  • Tertiary prevention may Include Surgery, Radiotherapy, Chemotherapy, Hormonal therapy, Immune therapy, Rehabilitation.

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