Exam #1 FOCUSED Review - Disease Prevention, Domains of Learning, Teach Back Method, Nursing Process, Nursing Orders, Family Nursing, Cultural Nursing

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Questions and Answers

What is the main intention of primary prevention?

  • To prevent disease or injury before it occurs (correct)
  • To encourage a positive attitude toward health changes
  • To detect and treat existing conditions early
  • To reduce the impact of ongoing illness

Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention?

  • Physical therapy for rehabilitation (correct)
  • Medication for managing chronic conditions
  • Vaccinations to prevent diseases
  • Screening tests for early detection

In the cognitive domain of learning, which activity is most appropriate?

  • Encouraging dietary changes for heart health
  • Teaching the physiology of insulin production (correct)
  • Practicing proper wound dressing technique
  • Demonstrating relaxation techniques

Which step of the Teach-Back method involves having the client restate the information?

<p>Teach-Back (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the planning phase in the nursing process emphasize?

<p>Establishing SMART goals and outcomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of nursing diagnoses?

<p>Patient's response to health conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a key step to improve client understanding in the Teach-Back method?

<p>Use plain language (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of data is collected during the assessment phase of the nursing process?

<p>Both subjective and objective data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of a medical diagnosis?

<p>Recognizing a specific disease or medical condition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which priority level pertains to life-threatening issues?

<p>Critical (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of SMART outcomes?

<p>Ambiguous (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT included in nursing orders?

<p>Patient's full medical history (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What assessment areas does the Family APGAR evaluate?

<p>Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection, Resolve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theoretical approach views the family through predictable life cycle stages?

<p>Developmental Theory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Structural-Functional Theory emphasize about the family?

<p>Family roles and functions that contribute to societal stability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of problems require both nursing interventions and physician-directed treatments?

<p>Collaborative Problems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the highest priority level for nursing care?

<p>Critical (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT included in the elements of nursing orders?

<p>Evaluation Method (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'M' in SMART outcomes stand for?

<p>Measurable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a collaborative problem?

<p>Managing a respiratory infection with antibiotics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Family APGAR, which area assesses affection within family dynamics?

<p>Affection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theoretical approach views the family as an interconnected system?

<p>Family Systems Approach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a nursing SMART goal be by definition?

<p>Specific and measurable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'A' in the Family APGAR represent?

<p>Affection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A community health nurse is developing a program to reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes in a high-risk population. Which level of prevention would be most appropriate for this intervention?

<p>Primary prevention, focusing on promoting healthy lifestyles and preventing the onset of diabetes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is teaching a patient how to administer insulin. To effectively address the psychomotor domain of learning, which intervention is most appropriate?

<p>Allowing the patient to practice insulin injection under direct supervision and with immediate feedback. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is using the teach-back method to educate a patient about their new medication. After explaining the dosage and side effects, the patient responds with a blank stare. What is the most appropriate next step for the nurse?

<p>Rephrase the information using simpler language and ask the patient to restate it. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the Implementation phase of the nursing process, which action is the most critical for the nurse to perform?

<p>Administering medications and treatments as prescribed and documenting the patient's response. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is admitted with pneumonia. Which statement best describes the difference between a nursing diagnosis and a medical diagnosis in this scenario?

<p>The nursing diagnosis addresses the patient's response to pneumonia, such as impaired gas exchange, while the medical diagnosis identifies the disease itself. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A community health nurse is planning an intervention to promote healthy eating habits among teenagers. Which intervention would most effectively address the affective domain of learning?

<p>Facilitating a group discussion where teenagers can share their attitudes and beliefs about healthy eating. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the evaluation phase of the nursing process, a nurse determines that a patient's goal related to ambulation has not been fully met. What is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take?

<p>Revise the plan of care, adjusting goals and interventions based on the patient's response. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is teaching a patient about self-care at home after discharge. To integrate cognitive learning principles, which approach would be most effective?

<p>Having the patient verbally explain the steps involved in their self-care routine. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes tertiary prevention?

<p>It seeks to minimize the impact of ongoing illness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention is most aligned with the psychomotor domain of learning?

<p>Demonstrating how to properly use a nasal spray. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What step in the nursing process involves gathering both subjective and objective data?

<p>Assessment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the Teach-Back method, what does the 'Solicit Questions' step encourage?

<p>The patient to ask clarifying questions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which domain of learning is primarily concerned with emotions and attitudes?

<p>Affective Domain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which priority level requires quick intervention to prevent further deterioration?

<p>Urgent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of elements included in nursing orders?

<p>Date, Action Verb, Detailed Description, Time Frame, Signature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of secondary prevention in healthcare?

<p>To diagnose issues through screening tests. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is characteristic of a nursing diagnosis?

<p>It can change frequently based on patient response. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT part of the SMART goals framework?

<p>Actionable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Family APGAR, which domain assesses the adaptation of family members to change?

<p>Adaptation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is essential in the planning phase of the nursing process?

<p>Setting specific and measurable patient goals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach views families as systems where changes in one member affect the entire unit?

<p>Family Systems Approach (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of problems involve both nursing and physician-directed interventions such as wound management?

<p>Collaborative Problems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a SMART outcome?

<p>Patient will reduce salt intake by two teaspoons daily within one week. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area is assessed by the Family APGAR regarding emotional connections among family members?

<p>Affection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the 'Partnership' component of the Family APGAR assessment?

<p>The sharing of problem-solving and mutual support between family members. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nursing order reads: 'Assist patient with ambulation to chair tid.' Which element is missing from this order?

<p>Signature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient reports a pain level of 7/10 after surgery. Addressing this pain falls under which level of nursing priority?

<p>Urgent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theoretical approach would be most applicable when assessing a family who is experiencing difficulties related to the recent departure of their youngest child from home?

<p>Developmental Theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is caring for a patient with a stage IV pressure ulcer. The wound requires frequent dressing changes and intravenous antibiotics prescribed by the physician. This scenario exemplifies which type of problem?

<p>Collaborative Problem (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nursing diagnoses is the most appropriately written?

<p>Impaired skin integrity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A goal states, 'Patient will walk independently.' What component is missing from this SMART outcome?

<p>Measurable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a family experiencing conflict, a nurse using the Family Systems Approach would focus on:

<p>Examining the patterns of interaction and relationships among family members. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of interventions at the tertiary level of disease prevention?

<p>Reducing the negative impact of ongoing illness or injuries by improving quality of life and function. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is educating a patient about a new medication. Which action best exemplifies addressing the affective domain of learning?

<p>Encouraging the patient to verbalize any concerns or feelings about taking the new medication. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the 'Teach-Back' method, if the patient is unable to accurately restate the provided information, what should the nurse do next?

<p>Rephrase the information using different language and visual aids, then ask the patient to teach it back again. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the primary nursing intervention during the 'Assessment' phase of the nursing process?

<p>Collecting and analyzing subjective and objective data to identify patient needs and potential problems. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately differentiates a nursing diagnosis from a medical diagnosis?

<p>A nursing diagnosis focuses on the patient’s response to health conditions treatable within the scope of nursing practice, whereas a medical diagnosis identifies a specific disease or condition. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient recovering from a stroke requires assistance with activities of daily living. Which level of prevention is most applicable to this situation?

<p>Tertiary prevention, to rehabilitate and improve the patient's quality of life. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is teaching a patient how to use a new glucometer. What would be the best intervention, to effectively address the psychomotor domain of learning?

<p>Demonstrate the procedure, then have the patient perform a return demonstration. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After implementing a dietary teaching plan, the nurse evaluates that the patient has not met their goal of reducing sodium intake. What action should the nurse take first?

<p>Reassess the patient’s understanding of the teaching and identify barriers to adherence. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate focus when diagnosing a medical condition?

<p>Identifying a specific disease or medical condition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which priority level in nursing indicates that an issue requires immediate attention to prevent life-threatening outcomes?

<p>Critical (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of SMART goals ensures that the objectives are practical and achievable given the patient's circumstances?

<p>Realistic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of theory emphasizes the family as a social system with defined roles and contributions to societal function?

<p>Structural-Functional Theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of nursing orders, which of the following is a vital element that must be included?

<p>Time frame for the nursing intervention (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the Family APGAR assessment focuses on how family members adapt to changes within the family unit?

<p>Adaptation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of collaborative problems in nursing?

<p>Both nursing interventions and physician-directed treatments are needed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the Family APGAR assessment?

<p>Control (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best defines the primary focus of tertiary prevention?

<p>Reducing the impact of ongoing illness and improving quality of life (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following activities is most aligned with the cognitive domain of learning?

<p>Teaching a patient about the side effects of their medication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step in the nursing process focuses on creating measurable goals for patient care?

<p>Planning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which step of the Teach-Back method should a nurse rephrase information if the patient does not understand?

<p>Evaluate Understanding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a nursing diagnosis from a medical diagnosis?

<p>Nursing diagnoses focus on patient responses to health issues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which domain of learning involves the development of hands-on skills and coordination?

<p>Psychomotor Domain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of secondary prevention in healthcare?

<p>To halt or slow the progression of existing diseases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the nursing process, which phase directly follows diagnosis?

<p>Planning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theoretical approach emphasizes the roles and responsibilities of family members in maintaining social stability?

<p>Structural-Functional Theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing action would be classified as an 'urgent' priority?

<p>Administering pain medication to a patient reporting a pain level of 7/10 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nursing order states, 'Monitor vital signs every shift.' What element is missing from this order?

<p>Detailed Description (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Family APGAR, what does 'Growth' primarily assess?

<p>The physical and psychological nurturing received as an individual. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nursing diagnoses is correctly formatted?

<p>Risk for impaired skin integrity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which situation exemplifies a collaborative problem requiring both nursing and physician interventions?

<p>A patient requiring complex wound care with prescribed antibiotics and dressing changes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element adds specificity to the 'T' (Timely) component of a SMART outcome?

<p>Setting a defined period, such as a specific date or number of weeks. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When applying the Family Systems Approach, what is a primary consideration when a child is diagnosed with a chronic illness?

<p>Assessing how the diagnosis impacts each family member and the overall family dynamics. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following activities exemplifies secondary prevention?

<p>Performing routine blood pressure screenings at a health fair. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is educating a patient with asthma on using a new inhaler. Which action best demonstrates teaching within the psychomotor domain?

<p>Observing the patient self-administer the inhaler and providing feedback. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a patient education session, a nurse uses the Teach-Back method. After explaining medication instructions, the patient responds with inaccurate information. What should the nurse do NEXT?

<p>Rephrase the information using different language and examples. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is developing a care plan for a patient with heart failure. Which action reflects the 'Planning' phase of the nursing process?

<p>Establishing SMART goals for fluid balance and activity tolerance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is admitted with a diagnosis of pneumonia. Which of the following statements accurately differentiates a nursing diagnosis from a medical diagnosis?

<p>A nursing diagnosis focuses on the patient's response to their health condition, while a medical diagnosis identifies the pathological condition. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A community health nurse is designing a program to promote physical activity among sedentary adults. Which strategy best targets the affective domain of learning?

<p>Arranging a group exercise class with different activity options and motivational music. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the evaluation phase of the nursing process, the nurse determines that the patient's goal to increase mobility has not been fully met. What is the most appropriate nursing action at this time?

<p>Revise the plan by reassessing barriers and modifying interventions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse needs to teach a patient how to manage his diabetes at home. To effectively address the cognitive domain, which approach is best?

<p>Explaining the relationship between diet, exercise, and blood sugar levels. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Medical Diagnosis

Identifies a specific disease or medical condition, made by a physician.

Collaborative Problems

Require both nursing interventions and physician-directed treatments.

Critical Priorities

Highest priority issues that are life-threatening or potentially life-threatening.

Urgent Priorities

Needs quick attention to prevent further deterioration.

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SMART Outcomes

Goals that are Specific, Measurable, Appropriate, Realistic, and Timely.

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Elements of Nursing Orders

Components include date, action verb, description, time frame, and signature.

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Family APGAR

Assesses family functioning in five areas: Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection, Resolve.

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Family Systems Approach

Family is an interconnected system; changes affect all members.

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Primary Prevention

Prevent disease before it occurs through measures like vaccinations and sunscreen.

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Secondary Prevention

Detect and treat diseases early to slow progression, such as using screening tests.

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Tertiary Prevention

Reduce the impact of ongoing illness through management and rehabilitation.

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Cognitive Domain

Involves knowledge acquisition and critical thinking skills.

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Affective Domain

Involves emotions, attitudes, and values in learning.

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Psychomotor Domain

Involves physical skills and motor coordination in learning.

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Teach-Back Method

A technique to confirm understanding by having clients restate information.

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Nursing Diagnosis

Focuses on the patient's response to health conditions within nursing practice.

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Normal Priorities

Third level of priorities; general patient education and rest after urgent needs.

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SMART - Specific

Goals should clearly define what is to be achieved.

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SMART - Measurable

Goals must be quantifiable to assess progress or completion.

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SMART - Appropriate

Goals should be suitable or attainable based on the patient's condition.

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SMART - Realistic

Goals need to be feasible and within reach considering resources available.

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SMART - Timely

Goals should have a clear timeframe for completion.

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Elements of Nursing Orders - Action Verb

Describes what the nurse will do, like 'Administer' or 'Teach'.

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Family APGAR - Growth

Assesses family's ability to develop and progress together.

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Levels of Disease Prevention

The three categories of prevention: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary.

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Priorities for Nurses

Levels of issues classified as Critical, Urgent, or Normal for patient care.

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SMART - Goals

Objectives for patient care that are Specific, Measurable, Appropriate, Realistic, and Timely.

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Elements of Nursing Orders - Date

The date when the nursing order is written.

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Elements of Nursing Orders - Detailed Description

The exact intervention to be performed, such as applying a warm compress.

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Family APGAR - Affection

Assesses the emotional bonds and love within the family unit.

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Steps in the Nursing Process

Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation - the nursing framework.

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Domains of Learning

Three areas: Cognitive, Affective, Psychomotor; each focusing on different learning aspects.

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Elements of Nursing Orders - Time Frame

Frequency or specific time for interventions outlined in the order.

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Family APGAR - Adaptation

Assesses how well a family adjusts to changes.

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Developmental Theory

Views the family through predictable life cycle stages (e.g., childbearing).

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Structural-Functional Theory

Emphasizes family roles and functions for societal stability.

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Family APGAR - Resolve

Assesses family’s ability to solve problems together.

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Nursing Process

A five-step framework: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation for nursing care.

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Complex Wound Management

Requires physician orders and nursing care for treatment.

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Prioritization of Nursing Care

Classified into Critical, Urgent, and Normal priorities.

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Critical Priority Examples

Life-threatening issues needing immediate attention.

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Urgent Priority Examples

Issues needing quick attention to prevent worsening.

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Normal Priority Examples

General interventions that are not time-sensitive.

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Elements of Nursing Orders - Signature

Identifies who wrote the nursing order.

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Developmental Theory in Family

Family viewed through predictable life cycle stages.

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Collaborative Problems Example

An issue requiring both nursing care and physician orders, like complex wound management.

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Priorities for Nurses - Normal

Third level of priorities focusing on general education and interventions after urgent needs.

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Family APGAR - Partnership

Gauges the collaborative relationship among family members.

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Study Notes

Levels of Disease Prevention

  • Primary Prevention: Aims to prevent illness or injury before it happens. Examples include vaccinations, sunscreen use, and seatbelt use.

  • Secondary Prevention: Focuses on detecting and treating existing conditions early to slow or stop their progression. Examples include screening tests (e.g., mammograms, cholesterol checks) and medication for early-stage conditions.

  • Tertiary Prevention: Reduces the impact of ongoing illness or injury, while improving quality of life and function. Examples include physical therapy, rehabilitation, and long-term management of chronic diseases (e.g., diabetes education and monitoring).

Domains of Learning

  • Cognitive Domain: Involves knowledge acquisition, rational thought, critical thinking, and problem-solving. An example is teaching a patient about the physiology of insulin production in diabetes.

  • Affective Domain: Focuses on emotions, attitudes, values, and beliefs. An example is encouraging a positive attitude toward dietary changes for heart health.

  • Psychomotor Domain: Emphasizes hands-on skills and motor coordination. An example includes demonstrating proper inhaler use or wound dressing technique.

Teach-Back Method

  • This method, often remembered by the acronym STEPS, helps patients understand and retain information. Key steps include speaking slowly, using plain language, having the patient restate the information, evaluating understanding, and soliciting questions.

Steps in the Nursing Process ("A Delicious PIE")

  • Assessment: Gathering both subjective and objective data about the patient.
  • Diagnosis: Identifying patient health problems within the nurse's scope.
  • Planning: Establishing goals and interventions using the SMART method (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound).
  • Implementation: Putting the plan into action, including independent, dependent, and collaborative interventions.
  • Evaluation: Determining if the goals were met, and adjusting the plan as needed.

Nursing Diagnoses, Medical Diagnoses, and Collaborative Problems

  • Nursing Diagnoses: Focus on the patient's response to health conditions, often changing daily. An example is "Risk for impaired skin integrity."
  • Medical Diagnoses: Identify specific diseases or medical conditions as identified by a physician. Examples include "Diabetes Mellitus Type 2".
  • Collaborative Problems: Require both nursing interventions and physician-directed treatments (e.g., complex wound management, needing antibiotics and dressing changes).

Priorities for Nurses: Critical, Urgent, Normal

  • Critical: Highest priority, involving life-threatening conditions like airway, breathing, and circulation issues.
  • Urgent: Needs immediate attention to prevent further deterioration, such as pain management or untreated medical issues.
  • Normal: General patient education, rest, and other interventions addressed after critical and urgent needs.

SMART Outcomes/Goals

  • SMART goals are specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and time-bound. An example is "Patient will verbalize three ways to reduce salt intake by the end of this session."

Elements of Nursing Orders

  • An order includes the date it was written, the action verb (what the nurse will do -- e.g., "administer," "teach"). Additional elements include a detailed description of the intervention, a time frame (e.g. q4h, once per shift), and a signature.

Family APGAR

  • Assesses family functioning and satisfaction in five areas: Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve.

Theoretical Approaches to the Family

  • Family Systems Approach: Views the family as an interconnected system where changes in one member affect others.
  • Developmental Theory: Looks at predictable life phases (e.g., childbearing, launching children).
  • Structural-Functional Theory: Emphasizes the family as a social system with defined roles and functions for social stability.
  • Role Theory: Examines family roles and how they influence well-being, including role conflict, overload, and the issues related to ascribed or assumed roles.
  • Human Ecology Theory: Focuses on the relationship between families and their environment, including external factors influencing family well-being.

ASKED: Five Components of Cultural Competency

  • Awareness: Understanding your own cultural biases.
  • Skill: Ability to perform culturally sensitive assessments.
  • Knowledge: In-depth information about diverse cultural practices, beliefs, and biological variations.
  • Encounters: Direct engagement with diverse cultural groups to enhance understanding.
  • Desire: Genuine willingness to become culturally competent, not just an obligation.

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