Podcast
Questions and Answers
What aspect of wellbeing is particularly emphasized in African positive psychology?
What aspect of wellbeing is particularly emphasized in African positive psychology?
Which of the following factors does not typically contribute to the challenges faced by children growing up in poverty?
Which of the following factors does not typically contribute to the challenges faced by children growing up in poverty?
African positive psychology suggests that the understanding of wellbeing should emerge from which perspective?
African positive psychology suggests that the understanding of wellbeing should emerge from which perspective?
Which term best describes the nature of community linked to the intrinsic life goals in African cultures?
Which term best describes the nature of community linked to the intrinsic life goals in African cultures?
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What is a consequence of living in poverty that often leads to hopelessness?
What is a consequence of living in poverty that often leads to hopelessness?
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How does African positive psychology differ from Western psychology in its view of a person?
How does African positive psychology differ from Western psychology in its view of a person?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living in poverty?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living in poverty?
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In the context of African centered positive psychology, what remains critical to understanding wellbeing?
In the context of African centered positive psychology, what remains critical to understanding wellbeing?
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What does the diathesis-stress model suggest about mental disorders?
What does the diathesis-stress model suggest about mental disorders?
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Which factor is NOT part of the biopsychosocial approach?
Which factor is NOT part of the biopsychosocial approach?
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What are the symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?
What are the symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?
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How does complex PTSD differ from traditional PTSD?
How does complex PTSD differ from traditional PTSD?
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What characterizes schizophrenia?
What characterizes schizophrenia?
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In the psychoanalytic approach, which drives primarily influence behavior?
In the psychoanalytic approach, which drives primarily influence behavior?
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What is one of the cultural interpretations of mental illness highlighted in the context of schizophrenia?
What is one of the cultural interpretations of mental illness highlighted in the context of schizophrenia?
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According to the theories of personality, what remains fairly consistent throughout life?
According to the theories of personality, what remains fairly consistent throughout life?
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What distinguishes African-centred psychology from mainstream psychology?
What distinguishes African-centred psychology from mainstream psychology?
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Which of the following is a primary criticism of cultural African psychology?
Which of the following is a primary criticism of cultural African psychology?
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How does critical African psychology approach the subject of power dynamics?
How does critical African psychology approach the subject of power dynamics?
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What is a unique characteristic of psychological African studies?
What is a unique characteristic of psychological African studies?
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In the context of African-centred positive psychology, what is 'eudaimonia'?
In the context of African-centred positive psychology, what is 'eudaimonia'?
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What role does cultural colonization play within cultural African psychology?
What role does cultural colonization play within cultural African psychology?
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Which of the following best describes the objective of African psychology?
Which of the following best describes the objective of African psychology?
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What is a significant challenge faced by psychological African studies?
What is a significant challenge faced by psychological African studies?
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How does the lifespan approach of Erik Erikson relate to African psychology?
How does the lifespan approach of Erik Erikson relate to African psychology?
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What is emphasized in the bottom-up approach to theorizing in African-centred positive psychology?
What is emphasized in the bottom-up approach to theorizing in African-centred positive psychology?
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Which aspect of wellbeing is highlighted by current understandings in African-centred positive psychology?
Which aspect of wellbeing is highlighted by current understandings in African-centred positive psychology?
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Which of the following describes the view of colonial impacts within cultural African psychology?
Which of the following describes the view of colonial impacts within cultural African psychology?
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What is the main aim of critical African psychology?
What is the main aim of critical African psychology?
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Study Notes
Prenatal Development
- Germinal stage (0-2 weeks): Characterized by rapid cell division (mitosis)
- Embryonic stage (2-8 weeks): Formation of vital organ systems and nerve cells in the spine
- Foetal stage (9 weeks-birth): Development of sex organs and completion of the cerebral cortex
Factors Affecting Prenatal Development
- Maternal conditions: Physical, social, and psychological well-being, nutrition, and stress levels directly impact fetal development
- Malnutrition or undernutrition before and during pregnancy elevates risks
- Maternal age
- STIs
Neonatal Period
- First 2-4 weeks after birth
- Newborns exhibit over 20 involuntary reflexes
- Perceptual development:
- Vision: Limited focusing ability
- Hearing: Preference for the mother's voice
- Taste and smell: Sensitivity to and ability to differentiate various smells
Preschool Period
- Rapid growth of the trunk during the first year
- Continued development of the brain and nervous system
- Progression of gross and fine motor skills
- Principles of Physical Development:
- Cephalocaudal Trend: Development progresses from head to toe
- Proximodistal Trend: Development proceeds from the center of the body outwards
Middle Childhood
- 6 years-puberty
- Enhancements in strength, coordination, and muscular control
Adolescence
- Puberty: Period of accelerated physical maturation, primarily in early adolescence
- Peak physical growth, muscular strength, and manual dexterity
- Health risks associated with violence and disease
Early Adulthood (20-40 Years)
- Peak physical growth, muscular strength, and manual dexterity
- Health risks associated with violence and disease
Middle Adulthood (40–60 Years)
- Noticeable decline in physical attributes and functioning
- Reduced functioning of the digestive system and decreased blood flow to the brain
- Health risks: Increased susceptibility to various ailments and ongoing bodily degeneration
Late Adulthood (60+ Years)
- Senescence: Progressive decline of all bodily systems
- Health risks: Deterioration in health and heightened vulnerability to illness
Cognitive Development
- Neonatal and preschool periods: Infants develop a basic understanding of the world around them, language development, the sensorimotor stage: infants coordinate sensory input with motor activity and achieve object permanence, the preoperational stage: children increasingly use symbolic thought but cannot think logically, characterized by egocentrism and animism
- Middle Childhood: Piaget's concrete operational stage is prominent, children demonstrate more logical thinking abilities such as conservation, reversibility, compensation, and decentration.
- Adolescence: Piaget's formal operational stage emerges, characterized by more idealistic and abstract thought. Cognitive changes lead to adolescent egocentrism, including personal myths, the invincibility fable, and the imaginary audience.
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Description
Explore the stages of prenatal development, including the germinal, embryonic, and fetal stages. Learn about factors affecting development and the significance of the neonatal period in a newborn's growth and reflexes. This quiz covers essential concepts in early human development.
