Pregnancy and Lactation Nutritional Requirements
34 Questions
3 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What physiological state is pregnancy considered?

A demanding physiological state

What is the primary concern regarding malnutrition during pregnancy?

High prevalence of low birth weight infants and very high maternal mortality

How much weight gain is generally recommended during pregnancy?

10-12 kg

What is the approximate birth weight of infants?

<p>3 kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended additional calorie intake for a woman during the first trimester of pregnancy?

<p>350 calories</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much protein is recommended during the second trimester of pregnancy?

<p>6.9 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is calcium essential during both pregnancy and lactation?

<p>For proper formation of bones and teeth of the offspring, for secretion of breast-milk rich in calcium, and to prevent osteoporosis in the mother.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of foods should a pregnant or lactating woman eat to meet her own and her fetus's nutritional needs?

<p>A wide variety of foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many glasses of water is recommended for pregnant or lactating women?

<p>8-12 glasses</p> Signup and view all the answers

Salt intake should be restricted during pregnancy to prevent pregnancy-induced hypertension and pre-eclampsia.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of beverages should be avoided during pregnancy?

<p>Beverages containing caffeine such as coffee and tea</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much rest is recommended for pregnant or lactating women?

<p>2-3 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pregnant and lactating women can take any drugs without medical advice.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Smoking and tobacco chewing should be avoided during pregnancy and lactation.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Alcohol consumption is recommended during pregnancy and lactation.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vegetarian diets are all the same.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vegans are strict vegetarians who consume no animal sources of food.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vegans are at the highest risk for nutritional problems compared to other types of vegetarians.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of vegetarians consume milk but not eggs?

<p>Lacto-vegetarians</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of vegetarians consume eggs but not milk?

<p>Ovo-vegetarians</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of vegetarians consume both eggs and milk?

<p>Lacto-ovo vegetarians</p> Signup and view all the answers

Some vegetarians will consume fish but not meat or poultry.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The source of complete proteins is plentiful in vegetarian diets.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a good source of complete protein for vegetarians?

<p>Soy protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

What other combinations of foods can provide complete proteins for vegetarians?

<p>Legumes/lentils, nuts/seeds, grains, and/or vegetables such as potatoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vegetarian diets are typically low in carbohydrates and fats (oils).

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vegetarians who do not eat dairy products should eat more vegetables containing calcium, like spinach, turnips, kale, and broccoli.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Calcium-fortified foods such as tofu, soy milk, and fortified fruit juices are a good alternative for vegetarians who do not consume dairy products.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vitamin B12 is plentiful in plant-based diets.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Riboflavin is known to be deficient in individuals who consume little milk.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some sources of vitamin B12 for vegetarians?

<p>Enriched cereals, fortified soy products, or dietary supplements</p> Signup and view all the answers

Unblocked sun exposure is a good source of vitamin D for individuals living above the 40-degree latitude.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vitamin D is considered to be a sufficient source for older adults, but not children.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fortified milk is a good source of vitamin D.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pregnancy and Lactation Diet Requirements

  • Pregnancy is a demanding physiological state
  • Malnutrition during pregnancy leads to a high prevalence of low birth weight infants and high maternal mortality
  • Additional foods are needed to improve pregnancy weight gain (10-12 kg) and infant birth weight (around 3 kg)

Nutritional Requirements During Pregnancy

  • Daily diet should include additional calories and protein
  • First trimester: 350 extra calories and 0.5 grams of protein
  • Second trimester: 350 extra calories and 6.9 grams of protein
  • Third trimester: 350 extra calories and 22.7 grams of protein
  • Micronutrients are also crucial in increased amounts

Essential Nutrients for Mother and Fetus

  • Calcium is essential during pregnancy and lactation for proper bone and tooth development in the offspring, breast milk production, and prevention of osteoporosis in the mother
  • Pregnant/lactating women should eat a wide variety of foods to meet their own and the fetus's nutritional needs

Additional Care During Pregnancy

  • Plenty of fluids (8-12 glasses of water daily) are crucial
  • Maintaining a normal salt intake is important to prevent pregnancy-induced hypertension and pre-eclampsia
  • Avoid excess caffeine-containing beverages as they can negatively impact fetal growth
  • Adequate physical exercise with adequate rest (2-3 hours daily) is necessary
  • Pregnant and lactating women should avoid taking medications without consulting a doctor, as some medications can harm the fetus

Vegetarian Diets

  • Vegetarian diets vary widely, from diets with minimal animal products to excluding all animal products, which are determined by personal choice, culture, or scarcity
  • Vegans are strict vegetarians who exclude all animal products and are at the highest risk of nutritional deficiencies
  • Lacto-vegetarians, ovo-vegetarians, and lacto-ovo-vegetarians consume milk, eggs, or both, respectively
  • Some vegetarians only avoid meat and poultry, but consume fish
  • Other vegetarian dietary variations exist

Macronutrients in Vegetarian Diets (Carbohydrates and Fats)

  • Carbohydrates and fats are plentiful in vegetarian diets
  • Complete proteins may require combinations of legumes/lentils, nuts/seeds, grains, and/or selected vegetables (e.g., soy milk, soy protein, potatoes, tofu)

Micronutrients Concerns in Vegetarian Diets

  • Vegans and vegetarians should ensure an adequate intake of minerals/vitamins that may be limited in their diets
  • Include vegetables high in calcium such as spinach, turnip, collard greens, kale, and broccoli
  • Fortify their diet with calcium-fortified foods such as tofu, soy milk, and fortified fruit juices to receive adequate calcium.

Vitamin Deficiencies in Vegetarian Diets

  • Vitamin B12 is not found in plant foods
  • Riboflavin deficiency is possible with low milk consumption
  • Vegans can obtain B12 and other vitamins from enriched foods, fortified products, or dietary supplements

Vitamin D Intake

  • Vitamin D adequacy may be challenging for certain populations
  • Sources of vitamin D include fortified milk, enriched cereals, fortified juices, or supplements
  • Adequate sun exposure between the 40-degree latitude parallels can provide vitamin D, which is sufficient for young to middle-aged people; older people may lack adequate vitamin D synthesis from the sun and need supplementation

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Pregnancy & Lactation Diet PDF

Description

This quiz explores the dietary needs during pregnancy and lactation, highlighting the importance of additional calories, proteins, and essential nutrients. Understand the specific requirements across trimesters and the impact of nutrition on maternal and fetal health.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser