Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which condition involves the detachment of the placenta from the uterine wall?
Which condition involves the detachment of the placenta from the uterine wall?
- Placental abruption (correct)
- Gestational hypertension
- Uterine rupture
- HELLP syndrome
What is a common test to determine if blood exchange has occurred between mother and baby?
What is a common test to determine if blood exchange has occurred between mother and baby?
- Glucose tolerance test
- KB test (correct)
- Quad screen test
- Fetalfibronectin test
Which of the following conditions is characterized by hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count?
Which of the following conditions is characterized by hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count?
- Placental insufficiency
- HELLP syndrome (correct)
- Eclampsia
- Gestational diabetes
What is the significance of fetalfibronectin being found in plasma?
What is the significance of fetalfibronectin being found in plasma?
If a mother has type O blood and the baby has type A blood, what risk is associated with this situation?
If a mother has type O blood and the baby has type A blood, what risk is associated with this situation?
What is the recommended frequency of fetal movements during the third trimester?
What is the recommended frequency of fetal movements during the third trimester?
At what gestational age is a pregnancy considered preterm?
At what gestational age is a pregnancy considered preterm?
What does a biophysical profile assess?
What does a biophysical profile assess?
Which maneuver is used to determine the position and attitude of the fetus?
Which maneuver is used to determine the position and attitude of the fetus?
What is indicated by the prenatal term PPROM?
What is indicated by the prenatal term PPROM?
What is the purpose of amniotic fluid analysis in the context of labor?
What is the purpose of amniotic fluid analysis in the context of labor?
During labor, what does the term 'blood show' refer to?
During labor, what does the term 'blood show' refer to?
What does the 'PMI' refer to when assessing fetal position?
What does the 'PMI' refer to when assessing fetal position?
What is the primary concern associated with variable deceleration in fetal heart rate during labor?
What is the primary concern associated with variable deceleration in fetal heart rate during labor?
Which of the following interventions is most effective for addressing late deceleration during labor?
Which of the following interventions is most effective for addressing late deceleration during labor?
What does a fetal heart rate of 156 bpm during the 30-second monitoring indicate?
What does a fetal heart rate of 156 bpm during the 30-second monitoring indicate?
What does effacement refer to in the context of labor?
What does effacement refer to in the context of labor?
What is a common side effect of the interventions for variable deceleration?
What is a common side effect of the interventions for variable deceleration?
Which stage of labor is defined by the dilation of the cervix from 0 to 10 cm?
Which stage of labor is defined by the dilation of the cervix from 0 to 10 cm?
What are the effects of group B Streptococcus (GBS) on the fetus?
What are the effects of group B Streptococcus (GBS) on the fetus?
Which of the following describes a vasovagal response during labor?
Which of the following describes a vasovagal response during labor?
Study Notes
Pregnancy
- Pregnancy lasts 40 weeks
- Preterm pregnancy is less than 37 weeks
- Delivery date is 9 months and 7 days from the first day of the last menstrual period
- Gravida: number of pregnancies
- Para: number of live births
- Abortion: number of abortions or miscarriages
Biophysical Profile
- Assesses fetal well-being
- Includes:
- Fetal breathing movements
- Fetal movements
- Fetal tone
- Amniotic fluid volume
- Non-stress test
Ultrasound
- Dating: used to determine gestational age
- Placement: helps determine the location of the placenta
- Abnormalities: identifies any abnormalities
PPROM
- Premature premature rupture of membranes
- PROM: premature rupture of membranes
Amniotic Fluid
- Clear: normal
- Green: fetal distress
- Yellow: infection
Ferning
- Sterile specimen of amniotic fluid is obtained using a microscope
Blood Show
- Early labor pain
- Indicates that the cervix is dilating
Pain Location and Intensity
- False labor: Braxton Hicks contractions
- True labor: contractions that occur every 20 minutes and can last 80 minutes
Effacement
- Low: thick cervix
- 100% effacement: thinning of the cervix
Urinalysis
- Infection: identifies infection
- Ketones: detects ketones
- Protein: detects protein
- Leukocytes: detects leukocytes
Intermittent Auscultation
- Used to monitor the fetal heart rate
- Doppler is used for low-risk pregnancies
Fetal Monitoring
- Mom position:
- Towel under hips (right hip)
- Below mom's umbilicus lower quadrants of the right
- Fetal heart rate:
- 150 bpm at 32 weeks
- 110 bpm at 32 weeks
Decelerations
- Not always bad
- Can be caused by:
- Vasovagal response from fetal head compression during contraction
Variable Deceleration
- Caused by cord compression
- Reposition mom if detected
Late Deceleration
- Caused by:
- Maternal hypotension (supine position)
- Intervention:
- Reposition mom:
- Change hands
- Knees
- Chest
- Reposition mom:
Accelerations
- Indicate good fetal well-being
Stages of Labor
- Stage 1: Dilation and effacement to 10 cm (0-100%)
- Stage 2: Pushing and birth
- Stage 3: Delivery of the placenta
- Stage 4: First 2 hours following birth
McRoberts Maneuver
- Used to dislodge the shoulder of a baby that is stuck
- Legs to abdomen
- Supra-pubic pressure
Potential Complications
- Hypertension:
- Non-severe: 140/90 or greater
- Severe: 160/110 or greater
- Chronic: present before 20 weeks gestation
- Gestational: presents 20 weeks after gestation
- Preeclampsia: high blood pressure during pregnancy
- Eclampsia: preeclampsia with seizures
- HELLP syndrome: severe preeclampsia condition
- Hemolysis
- Elevated liver enzymes
- Low platelets
- Placental abruption: placenta detaches from the uterine wall
- Uterine rupture: rupture of the uterine wall
- Prolapsed cord: cord comes out before the baby
- ABO incompatibility: If mom is type O and baby is type A or B, there is a risk for jaundice
Premature Labor
- Fetal fibronectin (glue found in plasma) indicates an increased risk of premature labor
- Nifedipine (IAdalat): stops contractions
- Betamethasone: promotes lung development
Stillbirth
- More than 20 weeks gestation
Glucosedone
- Given after birth if not symptomatic or at risk
- Given every 2 hours
Leopold's Maneuver
- Used to identify:
- Number of fetuses
- Fetal lie: longitudinal, transverse or oblique
- Fetal attitude
- Degree of descent of the presenting part into the pelvis
- Expected location of the point of maximum intensity (PMI)
Group B Strep (GBS)
- Affects the baby, not the mom
- Treated with Benzylpenicillin 5,000,000 units or 2,500,000 units every hour
- Or Clindamycin Q8H 975 mg if allergic to penicillin
KB Test
- Determines if blood exchange has occurred between the mom and the baby
- Used to check for potential complications
Baby Should Move
- Baby should move 6 times in 2 hours
- Used to monitor fetal well-being
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Description
Test your knowledge on pregnancy, fetal well-being, and ultrasound assessments. This quiz covers key terms, procedures, and indicators related to pregnancy. Perfect for students in obstetrics and maternal health courses.
