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What does the term 'gravidity' refer to?
What does the term 'gravidity' refer to?
The number of pregnancies a woman has had, including the current pregnancy.
What is the definition of 'parity'?
What is the definition of 'parity'?
The number of viable births a woman has had after 20 weeks of gestation.
What is the term for a woman who has never given birth?
What is the term for a woman who has never given birth?
Nullipara
What is the term for a woman who has given birth for the first time?
What is the term for a woman who has given birth for the first time?
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What is the term for a woman who has given birth to two or more children?
What is the term for a woman who has given birth to two or more children?
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The minimum gestational age for fetal viability is ______ weeks.
The minimum gestational age for fetal viability is ______ weeks.
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What is the total expected length of a pregnancy, measured in weeks?
What is the total expected length of a pregnancy, measured in weeks?
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What is the term for a pregnancy that ends before 37 weeks of gestation?
What is the term for a pregnancy that ends before 37 weeks of gestation?
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What is the term for a pregnancy that ends between 37 and 42 weeks of gestation?
What is the term for a pregnancy that ends between 37 and 42 weeks of gestation?
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What is the term for a pregnancy that ends after 42 weeks of gestation?
What is the term for a pregnancy that ends after 42 weeks of gestation?
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What does the acronym GTPAL stand for?
What does the acronym GTPAL stand for?
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A woman is pregnant with her 4th child. She has twins born at 34 weeks, and a daughter born at 41 weeks. She has no history of spontaneous or medical abortions. What is her GTPAL?
A woman is pregnant with her 4th child. She has twins born at 34 weeks, and a daughter born at 41 weeks. She has no history of spontaneous or medical abortions. What is her GTPAL?
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What is Naegele's rule used for?
What is Naegele's rule used for?
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A woman's LMP was November 1st of 2022. What is her EDD using Naegele's rule?
A woman's LMP was November 1st of 2022. What is her EDD using Naegele's rule?
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What is the term for subjective signs of pregnancy?
What is the term for subjective signs of pregnancy?
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Which category of pregnancy signs is considered definite?
Which category of pregnancy signs is considered definite?
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Which of the following is NOT a presumptive sign of pregnancy?
Which of the following is NOT a presumptive sign of pregnancy?
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Which of the following is NOT a probable sign of pregnancy?
Which of the following is NOT a probable sign of pregnancy?
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Which of the following is considered a definitive sign of pregnancy?
Which of the following is considered a definitive sign of pregnancy?
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What term refers to a woman's first awareness of fetal movement?
What term refers to a woman's first awareness of fetal movement?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of the biophysical profile (BPP)?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the biophysical profile (BPP)?
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What is the purpose of a nuchal translucency test?
What is the purpose of a nuchal translucency test?
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The Healthy People 2030 Goals aim to increase the rate of preterm births in the United States.
The Healthy People 2030 Goals aim to increase the rate of preterm births in the United States.
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Progesterone is a hormone that helps to stimulate uterine contractions.
Progesterone is a hormone that helps to stimulate uterine contractions.
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Relaxin is produced primarily by the ovaries.
Relaxin is produced primarily by the ovaries.
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Prolactin's primary role is in stimulating breast milk production.
Prolactin's primary role is in stimulating breast milk production.
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HCG is a hormone that helps to prevent menstruation during pregnancy.
HCG is a hormone that helps to prevent menstruation during pregnancy.
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Oxytocin is responsible for stimulating uterine contractions during labor.
Oxytocin is responsible for stimulating uterine contractions during labor.
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A daily intake of 600 mcg of folic acid is recommended to help prevent neural tube defects.
A daily intake of 600 mcg of folic acid is recommended to help prevent neural tube defects.
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Which of the following medications is NOT classified as a tocolytic?
Which of the following medications is NOT classified as a tocolytic?
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What is the mechanism of action of Terbutaline?
What is the mechanism of action of Terbutaline?
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What are the potential side effects of Nifedipine?
What are the potential side effects of Nifedipine?
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What are the potential adverse effects of Magnesium Sulfate when used as a tocolytic?
What are the potential adverse effects of Magnesium Sulfate when used as a tocolytic?
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What is the purpose of administering Betamethasone to a pregnant woman?
What is the purpose of administering Betamethasone to a pregnant woman?
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Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after 12 months of trying.
Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after 12 months of trying.
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Clomid is a medication commonly used to stimulate ovulation for infertility.
Clomid is a medication commonly used to stimulate ovulation for infertility.
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IVF is a highly ethical procedure and does not raise any concerns.
IVF is a highly ethical procedure and does not raise any concerns.
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What is the main concern associated with an ectopic pregnancy?
What is the main concern associated with an ectopic pregnancy?
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Placenta previa is a medical emergency.
Placenta previa is a medical emergency.
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Placenta abruption is a medical emergency.
Placenta abruption is a medical emergency.
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Gestational hypertension is considered a condition of high blood pressure that occurs after 20 weeks of gestation.
Gestational hypertension is considered a condition of high blood pressure that occurs after 20 weeks of gestation.
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HELLP syndrome is a condition that can occur as a complication of severe or untreated preeclampsia.
HELLP syndrome is a condition that can occur as a complication of severe or untreated preeclampsia.
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Hypoglycemia is the greatest concern for a newborn with gestational diabetes.
Hypoglycemia is the greatest concern for a newborn with gestational diabetes.
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Hyperemesis gravidarum is a condition that is characterized by excessive vomiting during pregnancy, and the greatest concern is the risk of electrolyte imbalances.
Hyperemesis gravidarum is a condition that is characterized by excessive vomiting during pregnancy, and the greatest concern is the risk of electrolyte imbalances.
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Smoking during pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of IUGR (intrauterine growth restriction) in the fetus.
Smoking during pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of IUGR (intrauterine growth restriction) in the fetus.
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Alcohol use during pregnancy is not associated with any negative effects for the fetus.
Alcohol use during pregnancy is not associated with any negative effects for the fetus.
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Marijuana use during pregnancy has been shown to improve the neurological development of the fetus.
Marijuana use during pregnancy has been shown to improve the neurological development of the fetus.
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IUFD is defined as the death of a fetus that occurs before 20 weeks of gestation.
IUFD is defined as the death of a fetus that occurs before 20 weeks of gestation.
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An incompetent cervix is a condition that can occur during the second trimester of pregnancy and is characterized by premature dilation of the cervix.
An incompetent cervix is a condition that can occur during the second trimester of pregnancy and is characterized by premature dilation of the cervix.
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TORCH infections are a group of infections that can cause serious complications for both mother and fetus.
TORCH infections are a group of infections that can cause serious complications for both mother and fetus.
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Group Beta Streptococcus (GBS) is an overgrowth of normal flora that can cause complications for the newborn.
Group Beta Streptococcus (GBS) is an overgrowth of normal flora that can cause complications for the newborn.
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RhoGAM is given to all mothers to prevent complications in future pregnancies.
RhoGAM is given to all mothers to prevent complications in future pregnancies.
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Newborn babies with gestational diabetes are at risk of hypoglycemia.
Newborn babies with gestational diabetes are at risk of hypoglycemia.
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A healthy fetus should not sleep for more than 30 minutes at a time.
A healthy fetus should not sleep for more than 30 minutes at a time.
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A healthy fetus will make 10 or more kicks in a 1-hour period.
A healthy fetus will make 10 or more kicks in a 1-hour period.
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When is a woman's first awareness of fetal movement usually felt?
When is a woman's first awareness of fetal movement usually felt?
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Study Notes
Gravida/Gravidity
- Refers to the number of pregnancies a woman has had, including the current pregnancy.
- Includes pregnancies ending in abortion or miscarriage.
- Twins/triplets count as one gravidity.
Para/Parity
- Refers to the number of viable births a woman has had.
- Includes live births and stillbirths.
- Twins/triplets count as one parity.
Nullipara
- A woman who has never given birth.
Primipara
- A woman who has given birth to her first child.
Multipara
- A woman who has given birth to two or more children.
Viability
- A pregnancy reaches viability at 20 weeks gestation.
Total Weeks of Gestation
- 40 weeks
Preterm
- A pregnancy that ends before 37 weeks gestation.
Term
- A pregnancy that ends between 37 and 42 weeks gestation.
Postterm/Postdate
- A pregnancy that ends after 42 weeks gestation.
GTPAL
- A way to record pregnancy history:
- G = Gravidity
- T = Term births
- P = Preterm births
- A = Abortions/miscarriages
- L = Living children
Naegele's Rule
- A method to estimate the due date (EDD) by subtracting three months from the last menstrual period (LMP) and adding seven days and a year if needed.
Types of Signs/Symptoms of Pregnancy
Presumptive
- Subjective signs; symptoms that suggest pregnancy but could also be due to other issues
- Irregular periods(amenorrhea)
- Fatigue
- Breast changes (enlarged, sore)
- Increased urination frequency
- Nausea/vomiting (morning sickness)
Probable
- Objective signs that are more indicative of pregnancy, but could be from other conditions
- Positive pregnancy test
- Enlarged abdomen
- Changes in cervix (Goodell's, Chadwick's, Hegar's signs)
- Fetal movement (quickening)
- Braxton Hicks contractions
Positive
- Definitive signs that are only possible with pregnancy
- Fetal heart tones
- Ultrasound visualization of fetus
- Fetal movement palpated
Quickening
- The first fetal movement felt by the mother.
- Occurs between 18-20 weeks in first pregnancies (primigravidas)
- Occurs between 14-16 weeks in subsequent pregnancies (multigravidas)
Antepartal Testing
- Biophysical profile (BPP)
- Non-stress test (NST)
- Ultrasound for fetal heart rate
- Amniotic fluid index (AFI)
- Nuchal translucency
Healthy People 2030 Goals
- Reduce fetal deaths at 20+ weeks.
- Increase the proportion of pregnant women who receive adequate prenatal care.
- Reduce preterm births.
- Increase the proportion of women who had a healthy weight prior to pregnancy.
Maternal Hormones
- Progesterone
- Relaxin
- Prolactin
- Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
- Oxytocin
Tocolytics
- Medications used to stop preterm labor
- Terbutaline
- Nifedipine
- Magnesium sulfate
Betamethasone
- Steroid used to stimulate lung development in fetuses at risk for preterm birth.
Placenta Previa
- Placenta is abnormally located over the cervix, obstructing the birth canal.
Placenta Abruption
- Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall.
Gestational Hypertension/Preeclampsia
- High blood pressure, proteinuria (protein in urine) during pregnancy
- Eclampsia is a serious complication that includes seizures
HELLP Syndrome
- A serious pregnancy complication characterized by hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells), elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count.
DIC Syndrome
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation: A severe blood clotting disorder
Gestational Diabetes
- High blood sugar during pregnancy
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
- Severe morning sickness
Smoking, Alcohol, and Drug Use
- Can negatively affect fetal development.
Abortion vs. IUFD
- Abortion occurs before 20 weeks of gestation; intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) after.
Incompetent Cervix
- Premature opening of the cervix during pregnancy.
TORCH Infections
- Infections that can affect the fetus; acronym includes toxoplasmosis, other infections, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes.
Group Beta Streptococcus (GBS)
- A bacteria that can cause serious complications in newborns; antibiotics are given to prevent complications.
RhoGAM
- Medication given to Rh-negative mothers to prevent complications related to Rh incompatibility in future pregnancies.
Fetal Movement
- Important sign; should be assessed regularly during pregnancy.
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Description
This quiz covers essential terms related to pregnancy, including gravidity, parity, and stages of gestation. Test your knowledge on the definitions of nullipara, primipara, and multipara, as well as the meaning of viability and the GTPAL system. Ideal for those studying obstetrics and maternal care.
