Peritoneal Cavity + Viscera of the abdomen
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Questions and Answers

Which anatomical structure is NOT located in the left hypochondriac region?

  • Stomach
  • Spleen
  • Liver (correct)
  • Pancreas

    • What is the arterial supply to the stomach?

  • Splenic artery
  • Left gastric artery (correct)
  • Superior mesenteric artery
  • Hepatic artery

    • Which ligament connects the spleen to the greater curvature of the stomach?

  • Falciform ligament
  • Gastrosplenic ligament (correct)
  • Coronary ligament
  • Splenorenal ligament

    • What is the main function of the liver?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the lesser sac (omental bursa)?

    <p>It is anterior to the pancreas and duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is primarily retroperitoneal?

    <p>Kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an intraperitoneal organ?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for ascites in the peritoneal cavity?

    <p>Surgical puncture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament connects the liver to the stomach?

    <p>Hepatogastric ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies the structures derived from the foregut?

    <p>Celiac trunk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery runs posterior to the superior portion of the pancreas and supplies the spleen, head and tail of the pancreas, and parts of the stomach?

    <p>Splenic artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament forms the anterior boundary of the omental bursa and contains the right and left gastroepiploic arteries?

    <p>Gastrocolic ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery gives rise to the cystic artery to the gallbladder?

    <p>Right hepatic artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four main naturally occurring portal-caval anastomoses?

    <p>Inferior esophageal submucosa, peri-umbilical region, posterior portions of many secondarily retroperitoneal organs, inferior rectal/anal canal submucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arterial supply of the gallbladder?

    <p>Cystic artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve provides preganglionic sympathetic innervation to the foregut structures of the abdomen?

    <p>Greater thoracic splanchnic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the preganglionic fibers of the greater thoracic splanchnic nerve synapse with postganglionic neurons?

    <p>Celiac ganglion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve provides preganglionic parasympathetic innervation to the foregut structures of the abdomen?

    <p>Vagus nerve (CN X)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic innervation synapse with postganglionic neurons?

    <p>Terminal ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is true about the peritoneal cavity?

    <p>It is the space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between peritoneal ligaments, mesenteries, and omenta?

    <p>Peritoneal ligaments connect organs to the abdominal wall, mesenteries are double layers of peritoneum that suspend organs in the abdominal cavity, and omenta are fatty aprons that hang down from the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is an example of an intraperitoneal organ?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the lesser sac and the epiploic foramen?

    <p>The lesser sac is located posterior to the epiploic foramen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct location of the appendix?

    <p>Retrocecal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the surface projection of the base of the appendix called?

    <p>McBurney's point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies the ascending colon?

    <p>Right colic artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the sympathetic innervation of the midgut structures originate from?

    <p>Lesser thoracic splanchnic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nerve carries the preganglionic parasympathetic innervation to midgut structures?

    <p>Vagus nerve (CN X)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the GI tract is formed by the gut-derived portion of the anal canal?

    <p>Superior 2/3 of anal canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is not a branch of the inferior mesenteric artery?

    <p>Right Colic artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sympathetic innervation to the hindgut is supplied by the lumbar splanchnic nerves

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Preganglionic innervation of the hindgut derives from S2-S5 segments of the spinal cord

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sciatic nerve is a part of which plexus

    <p>Lumbar plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following to their corresponding blood supply/ Parasympathetic innervation

    <p>Foregut = Celiac Trunk Midgut = Superior mesenteric Hindgut = Inferior Mesenteric Foregut/Midgut (Parasympathetic innervation) = Vagus Nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following to their Sympathetic/Parasympathetic innervation

    <p>Foregut = Greater thoracic splanchnic nerve Midgut = Lesser thoracic splanchnic nerve Hindgut = Lumbar splanchnic nerve Hindgut (parasympathetic) = Pelvic splanchnic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The peritoneum us divided into

    Signup and view all the answers

    List three intraperitoneal organs

    Signup and view all the answers

    List three retroperitoneal organs

    Signup and view all the answers

    Ascites is caused by

    Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the drainage location for a surgical puncture of ascites?

    <p>2 cm below umbilicus through linea alba</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can ascites lead to if untreated?

    <p>peritonitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two parts of the lesser omentum?

    <p>Hepatoduodenal ligament/ hepatogastric ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each ligament to its associated blood supply

    <p>Gastrocolic ligament = Right and Left gastroepiploic arteries Splenorenal ligament = splenic artery and vein Hepatogastric ligament = Right and Left gastric arteries Hepatoduodenal ligament = Hepatic portal vein and hepatic artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a branch of the celiac trunk?

    <p>Superior mesenteric artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes up the arterial supply of the stomach?

    <p>Left and right gastric arteries, gastroepiploic arteries, gastroduodenal arteries, short gastric arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the venous drainage of the stomach?

    <p>hepatic portal, splenic vein, superior mesenteric veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT part of the lymphatic drainage of the stomach?

    <p>Gastric lymphatic trunk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies the fundus of the stomach?

    <p>short gastric arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a ligament of the liver?

    <p>Hepatic ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does 80% of the liver's blood supply come from?

    <p>Hepatic portal vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures are found in the portal triad?

    <p>Hepatic artery proper Common bile duct Hepatic portal vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure do the vessels of the portal system converge into?

    <p>Hepatic portal vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Indicate whether each vein is part of a portal or caval anastomosis

    <p>Portal = splenic vein Caval = rectal veins Portal = Inferior mesenteric vein Caval = epigastric veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is NOT part of the four naturally ocurring portal-caval anastomoses

    <p>All of the above are part of the portal-caval anastomoses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The common bile duct is a combination of the

    Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arterial supply for the duodenum?

    <p>Superior/Inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The major duodenal papilla mark the transition between the foregut and midgut

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the arterial supply for the Ileum/Jejunum

    <p>Superior mesenteric artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each gut to its respective ganglion

    <p>Foregut = Celiac ganglion Midgut = Superior mesenteric ganglion Hindgut = Inferior mesenteric ganglion N/A = N/A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides the arterial and venous supply of the descending (sigmoid) colon?

    <p>Sigmoid artery/veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each lymphatic trunk with what it drains

    <p>Thoracic trunk = Lymph from left side of the body as well as the right lower limb and abdomen Bronchomediastinal trunks = Thoracic viscera Intestinal trunk = Pre-aortic nodes that lie on the abdominal aorta Right/Left Lumbar Trunks = Para-aortic nodes lying on either side of the abdominal aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Anatomical Structures and Regions

    • The left hypochondriac region does not contain the appendix.
    • The lesser sac (omental bursa) is positioned behind the stomach and the lesser omentum.

    Vascular Supply

    • The stomach receives arterial supply primarily from the gastric and gastroepiploic arteries.
    • The celiac trunk is the main arterial source for structures derived from the foregut.
    • The artery supplying the ascending colon is the ileocolic artery from the superior mesenteric artery.
    • The arterial supply for the duodenum includes branches from the celiac trunk and the superior mesenteric artery.

    Ligaments and Connections

    • The splenorenal ligament connects the spleen to the greater curvature of the stomach.
    • The hepatogastric ligament connects the liver to the stomach.
    • The gastrocolic ligament forms the anterior boundary of the omental bursa and contains the right and left gastroepiploic arteries.
    • The lesser omentum consists of two parts: hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments.

    Liver and Function

    • The liver's primary function is detoxification, protein synthesis, and production of biochemicals necessary for digestion.
    • 80% of the liver's blood supply comes from the portal vein, while arterial supply comes from the hepatic artery.

    Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Innervation

    • The greater thoracic splanchnic nerve provides preganglionic sympathetic innervation to foregut structures.
    • Preganglionic sympathetic fibers synapse in the celiac ganglion.
    • The vagus nerve carries preganglionic parasympathetic innervation to foregut structures.
    • The sympathetic innervation of the midgut originates from the superior mesenteric ganglion.
    • Lumbar splanchnic nerves supply sympathetic innervation to the hindgut.

    Peritoneum and Cavity

    • The peritoneum consists of parietal and visceral layers.
    • Ascites, an accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, can lead to infection or abdominal compartment syndrome if untreated.
    • Surgical puncture for ascites drainage is typically done in the lower left quadrant.

    Organs and Anatomical Classifications

    • Examples of intraperitoneal organs include the stomach, spleen, and liver.
    • Retroperitoneal organs include the kidneys, pancreas, and aorta.
    • The structures found in the portal triad are the hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile duct.
    • The common bile duct is the combination of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct.

    Lymphatics and Venous Drainage

    • The stomach's venous drainage primarily follows the same pattern as its arterial supply, draining into the portal vein.
    • Lymphatic drainage of the stomach is not supported by the inferior mesenteric nodes.

    Anastomoses and Clinical Aspects

    • Four main naturally occurring portal-caval anastomoses include connections at the esophagus, umbilicus, rectum, and abdominal wall.
    • Ascites result from liver cirrhosis, heart failure, or cancer.

    Notable Exceptions

    • The common bile duct is not solely part of one anatomical region; it serves multiple functions in the biliary system.
    • The appendix is located in the right lower quadrant, with its surface projection referred to as McBurney's point.

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    Description

    Quiz: Preganglionic Sympathetic Nerves to Foregut Structures Test your knowledge on the origin and pathway of preganglionic sympathetic nerves to foregut structures. Learn about the cord segments, nerves, and ganglia involved in this crucial physiological process.

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