40 Questions
Which ganglion sends branches to spinal nerves C7, C8, T1?
Inferior ganglion
Which artery do branches from the middle ganglion follow to reach the larynx and trachea?
Inferior thyroid artery
Which nerves do branches from the superior cervical ganglion supply?
Orbit and face
Which regions are innervated by sympathetic branches hitch-hiking along the subclavian and vertebral arteries?
None of the above
Which ganglion sends branches to spinal nerves C5-C6 to reach the upper esophagus?
Middle ganglion
Where do preganglionic fibers responsible for innervating the contents of the abdominopelvic cavity pass through?
Abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves
Which spinal segments give rise to the preganglionic fibers supplying the head and neck?
T1-T2
Where do the postganglionic sympathetic fibers responsible for innervating the viscera of the thoracic cavity pass through?
Cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves
Which ganglion is located at C7 and is often fused with the first thoracic ganglion?
Inferior cervical ganglion
What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in regards to the bronchiolar diameter?
Constriction when oxygen demand diminishes
From which segment do the preganglionic fibers supplying the head and neck enter the sympathetic chain?
T1-T2
How does the parasympathetic nervous system affect vision during accommodation?
Causes pupillary constriction and ciliary muscle contraction for closer vision
Which nervous system mediates digestion of food and absorption of nutrients?
Parasympathetic nervous system
What clinical condition results from the interruption of the sympathetic supply to the eye?
Horner's Syndrome
Which lesion can lead to Horner’s Syndrome?
Brain stem lesions
Which nerve is dominant in providing innervation to all the thoracic viscera and most of the gastrointestinal tract from esophagus through the left colic flexure?
Vagus nerve (CN X)
Which part of the digestive system is predominantly innervated by the sacral outflow of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Descending colon
Which system is more restricted in distribution, the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous system?
Parasympathetic nervous system
Which of the following organs would NOT be directly affected by the parasympathetic nervous system?
Lungs
Which part of the body does the parasympathetic nervous system NOT reach apart from external genitalia?
Body wall
Where do preganglionic fibers for head and neck innervation synapse?
Superior cervical ganglion
Which ganglion is responsible for synapsing preganglionic fibers from T12 for abdominopelvic innervation?
Inferior mesenteric ganglion
What is the route of postganglionic fibers supplying the thoracic cavity?
Pass to adjacent ventral rami of spinal nerves
Where do postganglionic fibers responsible for the dilator muscle of the iris have their cell bodies?
Superior cervical ganglion
What is the fate of preganglionic fibers innervating the viscera within the abdominopelvic cavity?
Pass through an abdominopelvic splanchnic nerve to reach prevertebral ganglia
Where are the preganglionic parasympathetic neuron cell bodies located?
In the gray matter of the brainstem
Which region receives parasympathetic innervation from the sacral outflow?
Pelvic viscera
What is the characteristic of the postganglionic parasympathetic neuron cell bodies?
They exit the CNS through ventral roots of spinal nerves S2 through S4
Which part of the body does the cranial parasympathetic outflow provide innervation to?
Head and neck
What is the location where synapses occur in the sympathetic nervous system?
Paravertebral chain ganglia
Which nervous system response corresponds with arousal, energy generation, and inhibits digestion?
Sympathetic nervous system
What effect does the parasympathetic nervous system have on blood vessels leading to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?
Dilates blood vessels
Which nervous system response dilates bronchioles of the lung for greater alveolar oxygen exchange?
Sympathetic nervous system
What does the sympathetic nervous system do to the pupils and ciliary muscle of the eye?
Dilates pupils and relaxes ciliary muscle
Which nervous system response provides vasodilation for the coronary vessels of the heart?
Sympathetic nervous system
How does the parasympathetic nervous system affect peristalsis?
Stimulates peristalsis
What is the main effect of the sympathetic nervous system on skeletal muscles and the lungs?
Enhanced blood flow
How does the sympathetic nervous system affect the intestinal sphincters?
Constricts all intestinal sphincters
Which of the following responses is characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Enhances digestion.
What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on urinary sphincters?
Constricts urinary sphincters.
Test your knowledge of the anatomy and pathways of the sympathetic nervous system, including the cephalic arterial branch, periarterial carotid plexus, cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves, and various plexuses in the thoracic and abdominal cavities.
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