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Questions and Answers
What type of questions do qualitative research answers primarily address?
What type of questions do qualitative research answers primarily address?
In which of the following ways does qualitative research differ from quantitative research?
In which of the following ways does qualitative research differ from quantitative research?
Which element is a primary focus of qualitative research?
Which element is a primary focus of qualitative research?
What characterizes the researcher’s role in qualitative research?
What characterizes the researcher’s role in qualitative research?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the reasoning approach in quantitative research?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the reasoning approach in quantitative research?
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Which of the following is indicative of quantitative research?
Which of the following is indicative of quantitative research?
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What does qualitative research typically seek to describe?
What does qualitative research typically seek to describe?
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What is a basic element of analysis in quantitative research?
What is a basic element of analysis in quantitative research?
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What significant achievement did the Wright Brothers accomplish on December 17th, 1903?
What significant achievement did the Wright Brothers accomplish on December 17th, 1903?
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In what year was the Polio vaccine developed by Jonas Salk?
In what year was the Polio vaccine developed by Jonas Salk?
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How many GPS satellites were in orbit as of the latest information provided?
How many GPS satellites were in orbit as of the latest information provided?
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Which of the following was the first personal computer launched?
Which of the following was the first personal computer launched?
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What was the purpose of the Nuclear Bomb codenamed Trinity?
What was the purpose of the Nuclear Bomb codenamed Trinity?
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Who received the first implantable pacemaker?
Who received the first implantable pacemaker?
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In what year did NASA take the Hubble Space Telescope into orbit?
In what year did NASA take the Hubble Space Telescope into orbit?
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What year did polio cases in the U.S. drop significantly due to the vaccination efforts?
What year did polio cases in the U.S. drop significantly due to the vaccination efforts?
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Which statement correctly defines the nature of research?
Which statement correctly defines the nature of research?
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What distinguishes research from simple inquiry?
What distinguishes research from simple inquiry?
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What is the primary goal of research as described in the content?
What is the primary goal of research as described in the content?
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Which of the following best describes a key characteristic of research?
Which of the following best describes a key characteristic of research?
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Which of the following elements is NOT a desired outcome of learning research?
Which of the following elements is NOT a desired outcome of learning research?
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What does the research process emphasize in terms of learning?
What does the research process emphasize in terms of learning?
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In what way does research contribute to personal development?
In what way does research contribute to personal development?
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Which process does research NOT commonly involve?
Which process does research NOT commonly involve?
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What is the primary focus of descriptive research?
What is the primary focus of descriptive research?
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Which research question format is characteristic of descriptive research?
Which research question format is characteristic of descriptive research?
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What is the main objective of correlational research?
What is the main objective of correlational research?
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In which type of correlation does an increase in one variable result in a decrease in another?
In which type of correlation does an increase in one variable result in a decrease in another?
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What does the correlation coefficient indicate in correlational research?
What does the correlation coefficient indicate in correlational research?
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Which method is NOT typically associated with data collection in correlational research?
Which method is NOT typically associated with data collection in correlational research?
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What is one purpose of descriptive research besides explaining phenomena?
What is one purpose of descriptive research besides explaining phenomena?
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Which of the following best describes positive correlation?
Which of the following best describes positive correlation?
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What is a defining characteristic of feasible problems in research?
What is a defining characteristic of feasible problems in research?
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Which of the following is NOT a purpose of research?
Which of the following is NOT a purpose of research?
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What is one of the goals for conducting research?
What is one of the goals for conducting research?
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Research is primarily undertaken for which of the following reasons?
Research is primarily undertaken for which of the following reasons?
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Which characteristic is essential for research to be effective?
Which characteristic is essential for research to be effective?
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Pure research primarily focuses on which aspect?
Pure research primarily focuses on which aspect?
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What is a primary benefit of research in decision-making?
What is a primary benefit of research in decision-making?
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Which type of research deals with societal problems or issues?
Which type of research deals with societal problems or issues?
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What is the main idea conveyed about quantitative research methods?
What is the main idea conveyed about quantitative research methods?
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Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a field of research in the provided text?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a field of research in the provided text?
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According to the provided text, what is the significance of DNA Profiling?
According to the provided text, what is the significance of DNA Profiling?
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What is the main takeaway about Mixed Methods Research?
What is the main takeaway about Mixed Methods Research?
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Which of the following is NOT a key development associated with the discovery of Penicillin?
Which of the following is NOT a key development associated with the discovery of Penicillin?
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What year was the discovery of Penicillin made usable?
What year was the discovery of Penicillin made usable?
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Which of the following equations is associated with the Special Theory of Relativity?
Which of the following equations is associated with the Special Theory of Relativity?
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What year did the US 'win' the space race with the moon landing?
What year did the US 'win' the space race with the moon landing?
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Study Notes
Practical Research 1 - Lesson 2: Nature of Research
- Research is a structured process of executing mental acts to discover and examine facts and information to confirm the accuracy of claims about a research topic.
- Research is similar to inquiry, as both involve investigations through questioning.
- Research is more complex than inquiry because it involves a specific order of stages, and knowledge from other people is also critical to completing the research process.
- Research relies on collaboration and systematic work.
- Research typically follows a step-by-step process using a standardized approach to answer questions or solve problems.
Desired Learning Outcomes
- Students will be able to share research experiences and knowledge.
- Students will be able to explain the significance of research in daily life.
- Students will gain an understanding of research characteristics, processes, and ethics.
- Students will be able to differentiate between quantitative and qualitative research approaches.
- Students will be able to identify research examples in various subject areas such as arts, humanities, sports, science, business, agriculture, fisheries, information and communication technology, and social inquiry.
Meaning of Research
- Research is a method for acquiring verifiable data for accuracy or truthfulness in the claims or conclusions about a particular subject or topic.
- Research is analogous to inquiry, as both involve investigatory processes using questioning.
Definition of Research
- Research is a continuous effort to discover the unknown.
- It involves the investigation of new facts, leading to new ideas, improvements, and broadening of perspectives.
- Research progresses from the known to the unknown, striving to discover truth.
Characteristics of Research
- Accuracy: Research requires factual and precise data correctly documented in footnotes, notes, and citations.
- Objectivity: Focus on facts, not opinions, assumptions, generalizations, predictions, or conclusions.
- Timeliness: Research should relate to a recent topic relevant and interesting to current society.
- Relevance: Research should contribute to society by addressing issues or improving communities.
- Clarity: Research should present its core findings in an easy-to-understand format.
- Systematic: Research must take place in a structured and orderly manner.
- Ethical: Research should prioritize benefits over detriments, maintaining confidentiality and respect.
- Empirical: Research relies on direct observation and experience.
- Logical: Based on a valid process and principles.
- Cyclical: Research is a repeated process starting and ending with a problem.
- Critical: Research should involve careful and precise judgment.
- Methodical: Research is conducted according to systematic methods and procedures devoid of bias and using these with a structured manner.
- Replicability: Research designs and procedures can be repeated, to confirm results.
- Realistic: Real data is gathered and used. Analytical: Data procedures and methods are used carefully and systematically.
- Original: Research contributes valuable insights and novel solutions.
- Feasible: Research should consider if the problem is solvable given the available resources and procedures.
Types of Research
-
Based on Application:
- Pure research: Focuses on theories, principles, and abstract concepts.
- Applied research: Focuses on solving practical problems and issues in society.
-
Based on Purpose:
- Descriptive research: Aims to portray a person, event, or situation.
- Correlational research: Shows relationships between variables or factors.
- Explanatory research: Identifies the reasons and effects behind events and seeks causal relationships.
- Exploratory research: Aims to explore areas or topics not clearly understood.
-
Based on Data Needed:
- Qualitative research: Uses non-numerical data describing experiences.
- Quantitative research: Uses numerical data to measure and test hypotheses.
- Mixed methods research: Combines both qualitative and quantitative approaches.
-
Based on Data Source
- Primary data: Collected directly from primary sources such as interviews, observations, surveys, or experiments.
- Secondary data: Collected from secondary or pre-existing sources such as literature reviews, reports, or documents.
Research Process
- Define the research topic.
- Formulate the problem statement.
- Identify the theoretical and conceptual frameworks.
- Conduct a literature review.
- Develop the research strategy.
- Collect the data.
- Validate the research design and analyze the data.
- Write and revise the research paper.
- Defend and disseminate research findings.
Outline of Research Paper
- Introduction to the Study
- Review of Related Literatures
- Research Design and Methodology
- Research Findings and Discussion
- Conclusion and Recommendations
Ethics in Research
- Ethics in research focuses on distinguishing acceptable and unacceptable research behavior.
- Research ethics ensures the integrity and trustworthiness of research findings.
- Ethical guidelines should be followed when conducting research.
- Ethical procedures promote the values of collaboration, respect, fairness in helping researchers and the public benefit from the research findings.
Importance of Ethics in Research
- Helps promote knowledge, truth, and credibility.
- Nurtures values necessary for collaborative work, especially in research projects, involving several people in diverse fields.
- Helps build public trust by holding researchers to a high standard.
Ethical Principles, Codes, and Policies in Research
- Honesty
- Objectivity
- Integrity
- Carefulness
- Openness
- Respect for Intellectual Property
- Confidentiality
- Responsible Mentoring
- Responsible Publication
- Respect for Colleagues
- Social Responsibility
- Non-discrimination
- Competence
- Legality
- Animal Care
- Human Subjects Protection
- Diligence
- Non-maleficence, benevolence, and justice
Rights of Research Participants
- Human rights
- Informed consent
- Voluntary participation
- Privacy and confidentiality
- Anonymity
- Risk of harm
Forms of Research Misconduct
- Plagiarism
- Falsification
- Fabrication
- Copyright Infringement
- Academic Dishonesty
Intellectual Property
- Creations of the mind, encompassing inventions and artistic works as well as symbols and names used in commerce.
- Two main categories: industrial property (patents, trademarks, and design) and copyright (published work).
- Intellectual property rights are protected in many countries.
Quantitative vs Qualitative Research
- Quantitative research: Collects and analyzes numerical data to measure and test hypotheses, typically using statistical analysis to interpret data and evaluate results.
- Qualitative research: Collects and analyzes non-numerical data, often through interviews or observations.
Data Collection Techniques in Research
- Qualitative Research: Interview, observation, focused group discussion, content analysis.
- Quantitative research: Multiple choice tests, surveys, Likert scale items, experiments, polls.
Sample Quantitative and Qualitative Research Topics
- Several research topics in various areas of focus were provided within the document.
Research Methods in Quantitative and Qualitative Research
- Quantitative methods: Use clear and defined procedures, with researchers separate from the process.
- Qualitative Methods: Use flexible techniques with researchers immersed more intimately in the process, often using in-depth interviews and direct observations.
Mixed Methods Research
- Combining quantitative and qualitative approaches in research gives a more comprehensive understanding.
Examples of Research Areas of Interest
- Includes various subject areas from arts to social science to technology.
Additional Research Topics
- Many subject areas with possible research topics are offered in the notes.
Research Hugot
- The term "hugot" is a style of expressing romantic and heartfelt emotions within Filipino culture.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the essential principles of research as outlined in Lesson 2 of Practical Research 1. Students will explore the structured process of research, its significance, and the differences between various research methodologies. Enhanced understanding of research characteristics and processes will be emphasized.
