Power Driven Scalers - Magnetostrictive
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of a Power Driven Scaler (PDS)?

  • To polish teeth effectively
  • To remove plaque and calculus from tooth surfaces (correct)
  • To deliver anesthesia during procedures
  • To provide diagnostic imaging

    • Which mode of action do Power Driven Scalers use to fracture calculus from tooth surfaces?

  • Thermal energy
  • Mechanical abrasion
  • Chemical reaction
  • High frequency sound waves (correct)

    • What is one advantage of using Power Driven Scalers in periodontal treatment?

  • They increase operator fatigue
  • They eliminate the need for manual scalers entirely
  • They are less effective on complex tooth surfaces
  • They disturb plaque biofilm effectively (correct)

    • How does the frequency of a PDS affect its operation?

    <p>It influences the effectiveness of calculus removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of Power Driven Scaler uses high frequency electrical energy for operation?

    <p>Magnetostrictive scalers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key safety check necessary before using a Power Driven Scaler?

    <p>Checking for adequate sterilization of the scaler tip</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would NOT be considered a disadvantage of Power Driven Scalers?

    <p>Reduced effectiveness on stubborn calculus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these Power Driven Scalers uses air pressure for its operation?

    <p>Sonic scalers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main energy release mechanism during the cavitation effect?

    <p>Shock waves and heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the phenomenon of acoustic micro streaming?

    <p>Movement of small currents in the water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between cavitation bubbles and biofilm disruption?

    <p>Currents produced by bubbles can break up colonies of bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the energy generated by a single cavitation bubble?

    <p>It is quickly dissipated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary limitation of the shear forces created by acoustic micro streaming?

    <p>They are not strong enough to break down bacterial cell walls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial action to take before using magnetic dental scaler tips?

    <p>Check tips for wear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may happen if a PDS tip is fractured within a patient's mouth?

    <p>It could be wedged in a periodontal pocket</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of sonic scalers significantly contributes to their high noise level?

    <p>Release of air pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be ensured regarding the Piezon tips to avoid loss during use?

    <p>They are not bent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended direction for holding a power-driven scaler after use?

    <p>Pointed down to avoid contamination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What routine maintenance should be performed on Piezo tips before use?

    <p>Ensure they are correctly tightened</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should you perform maintenance checks on power-driven scalers?

    <p>Daily, before use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to prevent tip wear on dental scaler equipment?

    <p>Avoid excessive lateral pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one advantage of using power driven scalers in dental procedures?

    <p>It promotes easy removal of heavy deposits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disadvantage of power driven scalers?

    <p>Noise generated during the procedure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered a contraindication for the use of power driven scalers?

    <p>Presence of a pacemaker.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the operational frequency range for ultrasonic powered devices?

    <p>18,000 to 45,000 cycles per second.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable effect of the cavitational action produced by power driven scalers?

    <p>Aids in lavage during procedures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the use of power driven scalers impact patient experience according to their preferences?

    <p>Patients usually prefer power driven scalers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common issue faced during procedures using power driven scalers due to water accumulation?

    <p>Reduced visibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement regarding the maintenance of power driven scalers is accurate?

    <p>They do not require sharpening.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Power Driven Scalers - Magnetostrictive

    • Power driven scalers are used in periodontal treatment to remove plaque and calculus
    • These scalers use mechanical action to remove plaque and calculus from teeth.
    • They convert electrical energy into high-frequency sound waves.
    • The energy at the tips fractures calculus from the tooth surface
    • They help to remove pathogens from the periodontal pocket
    • Types of scalers include: piezoelectric, magnetostrictive, sonic, ultrasonic
    • Manual instrumentation was the only method for removing calculus before ultrasonic devices were introduced
    • The use of power driven scalers allows for better access to complex areas, reducing operator fatigue, and making optimum use of appointment time
    • They significantly reduce patient discomfort

    GDC Learning Outcomes

    • 1.1.1
    • 1.1.5
    • 1.5.3
    • 1.8.1
    • 1.11.3
    • 8.2
    • 9.6
    • 10.8

    Intended Learning Outcomes

    • Explain the rationale for power driven scalers (PDS) in periodontal treatment
    • Explain the modes of action of PDS
    • Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of PDS
    • Explain the frequency and amplitude differences in PDS and their impact on care delivery
    • Explain the anatomy of the PDS tip and its clinical adaptation
    • Explain the differences between sonic, piezo, and magnetostrictive scalers
    • Discuss key safety checks before and during PDS use

    History

    • Manual instrumentation was the only way to remove subgingival and supragingival calculus until ultrasonic devices were introduced in approximately 1950.

    Types of Power Driven Scalers

    • PDS is an umbrella term for all power driven scalers
    • Piezoelectric
    • Magnetostrictive
    • Sonic
    • Ultrasonic

    What is a Power Driven Scaler?

    • PDS accomplish the task of removing plaque and calculus using a mechanical action.
    • They convert high frequency electrical energy (ultrasonic) or air pressure (sonic) into high frequency sound waves.

    Why Use Power Driven Scalers?

    • Optimal treatment outcomes
    • Access to complex areas
    • Disturbing plaque biofilm
    • Reduced operator fatigue
    • Optimum use of appointment time
    • Reduced patient discomfort

    Modes of Action of PDS

    • Cavitation effect
    • Acoustic turbulence
    • Lavage
    • Mechanical

    Cavitational Effect

    • Cavitation is the formation of pulsating bubbles (powered by ultrasonic field)
    • Ultrasound waves push and pull water molecules, causing micro-millimeter sized bubbles to expand and collapse violently
    • Subsequent energy release leads to shock wave, heat, or hydraulic pressure changes
    • Though single bubble energy quickly dissipates, many bubbles create pulsation effect
    • This assists in breaking up calculus

    Acoustic Micro Streaming

    • Another energy around ultrasonic devices, characterized by small water currents.
    • Commonly occurs around oscillating objects, including cavitation bubbles and scaler tips
    • These currents produce shear forces strong enough to break up bacteria clumps but not bacterial walls

    Lavage/Mechanical

    • Lavage involves water flushing and rinsing debris from the teeth and tissues
    • Mechanical action of the tip removes plaque and calculus

    Pros & Cons of PDS

    • (Advantages):*

    • Heavy cigarette stain removal

    • Cavitational effect

    • Reduces effects of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

    • Furcation tip reduces damage

    • Easier removal of heavy deposits/stain

    • Reduction of tissue trauma

    • Lavage

    • Cavitational effect

    • Acoustic disturbances

    • Furcation tip access causes less damage

    • Less tissue distension

    • Conservation of cementum

    • Time management

    • No sharpening needed

    • Reduces operator fatigue (reduces carpel tunnel syndrome/repetitive strain)

    • Patient prefers it

    • (Disadvantages):*

    • Tooth sensitivity

    • High pitched noise

    • Reduced visibility

    • Patient dislikes it

    • Running out of water

    • Reduced visibility due to water accumulation

    • Patients who cannot breathe through their nose

    • Tooth sensitivity during procedure

    • Reduced tactile sense

    • Mirror use limited due to water spray

    • Aerosol formation

    • Noise

    • Compromised procedure without nursing assistance

    • Running out of water in the bottle

    • Patients wearing hearing aids may have to remove them

    • Patient dislikes it

    Clinical Considerations of PDS

    • Oral control
    • Contraindications of use
    • How it works
    • Adaptation - Tip anatomy
    • Recognizing a failing tip
    • Maintenance

    Contraindications to Use

    • Pacemaker
    • High susceptibility to infections
    • Respiratory risk
    • Difficulty in swallowing
    • Prone to gagging
    • Sensitivity
    • Untreated cleft palate
    • Areas of demineralisation
    • Areas around crowns or implants

    Frequency and Amplitude

    • Frequency, measures the number of cycles per second
    • Amplitude pertains to the intensity of the generated sound waves

    Frequency (Ultrasonic vs Sonic)

    • Ultrasonic powered devices operate at 18,000 to 45,000 cycles per second.
    • Sonic powered devices operate at 3,000 to 8,000 cycles per second
    • The frequency and amplitude impact how the energy is distributed

    Movement Motion

    • describes the different patterns and direction of movement of the tip of the scaler

    Tip Anatomy

    • Active tip area
    • Points of energy dispersion (Point, Back, Face, Lateral surface)
    • Energy output varies amongst these different parts

    Tip Geometry

    • Determined by the number of planes the tip shank crosses.

    Tip Selection

    • Various types of tips are available (FSI 10, FSI 100, FSI 1000, THINSert, FSI SLI, Implant Insert).

    Furcation Entrances

    • Measurements for furcation entrances on maxillary and mandibular first molars are listed, showing how curet and ultrasonic tips can fit and compare in size

    Stroke Directions

    • Vertical, oblique, and circumferential strokes are described for effective calculus removal

    Lateral Pressure

    • Light grip
    • Guide into pocket
    • NO tip use

    Tip Wear

    • Assess tip wear based on its position relative to blue and red lines, determining efficiency

    Bent or Reshaped Tips

    • This is one way to manage worn tips

    Insert Parts

    • Tip
    • Connecting Body
    • Stack
    • Finger Grip
    • O-ring Seal

    Insert and Handpiece Care Procedures

    • Reprocess immediately following use.
    • Remove insert from handpiece.
    • Remove handpiece from cable.
    • Thoroughly wipe and rinse.
    • Look for signs of visible contamination and remove excess soil.

    Insert Cleaning

    • Ultrasonic
    • Water bath
    • pH-neutral cleaning solution (15 minutes for each)

    Insert Malfunctions

    • Overheating: due to improper water adjustment, not filling handpiece with water, using unserviceable insert or water source problems
    • Clogged water: use a finger spreader to clear clogs

    Leaking Water

    • Consider replacing the O-rings in the inserts to stop water leaks

    Worn Ring

    • Replacing worn rings can help prevent other problems

    Comparison of Piezo vs Magnetostrictive

    • Frequency, stroke pattern, energy conversion, and power dispersion differ significantly

    Sonics

    • Sonics is an air-turbine type scaler operating at low frequencies (3000-8000 cycles per second)
    • Tip movement/action is typically orbital.

    Final Safety Check

    • Remove the scaler and ensure it is safe and secure, even if it will be used shortly afterward.
    • Never leave the tip pointing upwards or uncovered.

    Additional Notes

    • The images shown in the slides are vital for a better understanding and comprehension of power driven scalers.

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    Related Documents

    Power Driven Scalers - Magnetstrictive - PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the use of power driven scalers, specifically magnetostrictive devices, in periodontal treatment. Understand how these instruments convert electrical energy into high-frequency sound waves to effectively remove plaque and calculus. Learn about the different types of scalers and their benefits in dental procedures.

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