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According to positivism, what is the nature of reality (ontology)?

Reality is subjective and socially constructed.

Reality is a combination of objective and subjective elements.

Reality is objective and tangible, existing independently of individuals. (correct)

Reality is unknowable and beyond human comprehension.

What is the emphasis of interpretivism's epistemology?

Knowledge is subjective and context-dependent. (correct)

Knowledge is discovered through objective measurements and statistical analyses.

Knowledge is discovered through systematic observation and experimentation.

Knowledge is independent of individual perspectives.

In positivism, what dominates in terms of methodology?

Quantitative methods (correct)

Mixed methods

Qualitative methods

No specific dominance of methods

What is the role of the researcher in interpretivism?

Acknowledges the researcher's influence on the study and recognizes the importance of the researcher's interpretation and subjectivity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of research according to positivism?

To discover laws and universal truths, with emphasis on generalizability and prediction. Signup and view all the answers

What is the methodology emphasized in interpretivism?

Qualitative methods Signup and view all the answers

How does positivism view the nature of reality (ontology)?

Assumes an objective and tangible reality that exists independently of individuals. Signup and view all the answers

What dominates in terms of methodology in interpretivism?

Qualitative methods Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of research according to interpretivism?

To understand context and explore subjective experiences. Signup and view all the answers

How does interpretivism view the role of the researcher?

Acknowledges the researcher's influence on the study and recognizes the importance of the researcher's interpretation and subjectivity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a conceptual definition in research?

To provide a theoretical understanding of a variable without specifying how it will be measured or manipulated. Signup and view all the answers

What type of hypothesis predicts the existence of a relationship between variables without specifying the direction of that relationship?

Non-Directional Hypothesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a pragmatic researcher in research?

To seek solutions to real-world problems and focus on the practical application of research findings. Signup and view all the answers

What does the null hypothesis state?

There is no significant effect or relationship. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an operational definition in research?

To define a variable in terms of specific procedures or operations used to measure or manipulate it. Signup and view all the answers

What does a directional hypothesis do?

Makes a specific prediction about the direction of the expected relationship between variables. Signup and view all the answers

What is the emphasis of pragmatism in epistemology?

Emphasizes the importance of both quantitative and qualitative methods. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a research hypothesis?

To predict a relationship between variables based on existing theories or evidence. Signup and view all the answers

What does an associative hypothesis predict?

A relationship or association between two variables without implying causation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a statistical hypothesis?

Involves specific statements about the population parameters. Signup and view all the answers