Positive-Stranded RNA Viruses vs DNA Viruses Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic of RNA of positive-stranded RNA viruses?

  • Encodes enzymes and structural proteins
  • Can be directly translated into protein (correct)
  • Is double-stranded
  • Must undergo transcription before translation

    • How does DNA differ from RNA in terms of protein translation?

  • RNA is transcribed into mRNA for translation (correct)
  • RNA undergoes reverse transcription
  • DNA is directly translated into proteins
  • DNA is translated into enzymes only

    • Which virus has characteristics of being naked, icosahedral symmetry, and a single-stranded DNA genome?

  • Papillomavirus
  • Adenovirus
  • Parvovirus (correct)
  • Polyoma virus

    • What type of rash is commonly associated with Parvovirus B19 infection?

    <p>Slapped cheek rash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Parvovirus B19 primarily transmitted?

    <p>Through respiratory droplets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of childhood diarrhea?

    <p>Rotavirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is also known as Fifth Disease?

    <p>Erythema Infectiosum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of transmission of Influenza virus?

    <p>Respiratory droplet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the antiviral medication used to treat Influenza?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the reassortment of segments of the genome RNA in Influenza virus?

    <p>Antigenic Shift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is primarily responsible for causing upper and lower respiratory tract infections in young children?

    <p>Parainfluenza virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does HBsAg positivity indicate?

    <p>The patient has the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the vaccine that is used to prevent Rotavirus infection?

    <p>Rotavirus vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antigen of HBV gives information about how long the infection has been present?

    <p>HBcAg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which period of active infection are positive antibodies against HBcAg typically seen?

    <p>Window period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way can vaccination against HBV help prevent cancer?

    <p>By preventing chronic HBV infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which RNA virus causes common colds?

    <p>Rhinovirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the host range of Poliovirus limited to?

    <p>Primates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of diarrheal disease among infants and young children?

    <p>Rotavirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is associated with Herpangina and Hand Foot Mouth Disease?

    <p>Coxsackievirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is known for causing Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis?

    <p>Coxsackievirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transmission is associated with Hepatitis E virus?

    <p>Fecal-oral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus causes sudden onset of vomiting and diarrhea accompanied by fever and abdominal cramping, making it the most common cause of nonbacterial diarrhea in adults?

    <p>Calicivirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus has a self-limited hepatitis and is commonly transmitted among children through the fecal-oral route?

    <p>Hepatitis A virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus has prominent club-shaped spikes forming a 'corona'?

    <p>COVID19</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for the rabies virus?

    <p>Animal bite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which disease is photophobia and hydrophobia commonly observed during the encephalitic period?

    <p>Rabies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein of the coronavirus is crucial for host attachment and penetration?

    <p>Spike protein (S)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of coronaviruses includes SARS, MERS-COV, and COVID19?

    <p>Beta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main prevention measure for rabies post-exposure in the case of single or multiple transdermal bites?

    <p>Vaccine plus immunoglobulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Picornaviridae

    • Coxsackie virus causes a spectrum of diseases including Herpangina, Hand Foot Mouth Disease, Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis, Myocarditis and Pericarditis, and Aseptic Meningitis.
    • Hepatitis A virus is transmitted through the fecal-oral route and primarily affects children, causing self-limited hepatitis.
    • Anti-HAV IgM is the most important test for Hepatitis A diagnosis.

    Caliciviridae

    • Hepatitis E virus is transmitted through the fecal-oral route and has no chronic state, cirrhosis, or HCC.
    • High mortality is seen in pregnant women infected with Hepatitis E virus.
    • Norwalk virus causes viral gastroenteritis, with sudden onset of vomiting and diarrhea accompanied by fever and abdominal cramping.

    Reoviridae

    • Rotavirus is the most common cause of diarrheal disease among infants and young children.
    • Nearly every child in the world is infected with rotavirus at least once by the age of five.
    • Immunity develops with each infection, so subsequent infections are less severe.

    Hepadnaviridae

    • HBsAg indicates the presence of disease (chronic, acute, or asymptomatic carrier) and precedes the onset of symptoms and elevation of liver enzymes.
    • HBcAg indicates the duration of infection and is not protective.
    • Positive antibodies are seen during the "window period" of active infection.
    • Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma are potential complications of Hepatitis B infection.
    • Treatment options include Interferon-A and Lamivudine.
    • Prevention is achieved through vaccination, which is the first vaccine to prevent a human cancer.

    RNA Viruses

    • Rotavirus, Astrovirus, Flavivirus, Paramyxovirus, Togavirus, Filovirus, Retrovirus, Coronavirus, Calicivirus, and Picornavirus are all types of RNA viruses.
    • Coronavirus can cause severe hemorrhagic fever in people.

    Picornaviridae

    • Poliovirus replicates in motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord, causing paralysis.
    • The host range is limited to primates due to the binding of the viral capsid protein to a receptor found only on primate cell membranes.
    • Transmission occurs through animal bite, with animal reservoirs including dogs, cats, skunks, raccoons, and bats.

    Rhabdoviridae

    • Rabies virus is a bullet-shaped, enveloped virus with a helical nucleocapsid and one piece of single-stranded, negative-polarity RNA.
    • Transmission occurs through animal bite, and the pathogenesis involves local multiplication, axonal transport to the CNS, and encephalitic period.
    • Treatment and prevention include pre-exposure vaccination and post-exposure vaccination with immunoglobulin.

    Coronavirus

    • Coronavirus is an enveloped virus with a helical nucleocapsid and one piece of single-stranded, positive-polarity RNA.
    • The virus has a prominent club-shaped spike, forming a "corona".
    • There are four main sub-groupings of coronaviruses: alpha, beta, gamma, and delta.
    • The virus binds to the ACE-2 receptor, which is highly expressed on pulmonary epithelial cells, and enters the host through endocytosis or membrane fusion.
    • SARS, MERS-COV, and COVID-19 are caused by coronaviruses.

    Coronavirus - COVID-19

    • COVID-19 emerged in Wuhan in late 2019 and is a novel Betacoronavirus.
    • The disease course varies widely, including asymptomatic infection, mild disease, moderate disease, or severe disease requiring hospitalization, oxygen therapy, intensive care, and mechanical ventilation.

    DNA Viruses

    • DNA viruses cannot be translated directly into proteins and must be transcribed into mRNA with subsequent translation into structural proteins and enzymes.
    • Parvovirus, Adenovirus, Papillomavirus, Polyoma virus, Hepadna virus, and Poxvirus are all types of DNA viruses.

    DNA Viruses - Parvovirus

    • Parvovirus B19 is a virus that infects humans only.
    • The most common rash associated with parvovirus B19 infection is a red rash on the face, also called a "slapped cheek" rash.
    • Characteristics of parvovirus B19 include a naked virus with icosahedral symmetry, a single-stranded DNA genome, and one serotype.
    • Transmission occurs through respiratory droplets and transplacental transmission.

    DNA Viruses - Parvovirus

    • Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease/Parvovirus B19) is characterized by a bright red cheek rash (slapped cheek appearance) with fever, coryza, and sore throat.
    • Prevention is achieved through vaccination.

    Orthomyxoviridae

    • Influenza virus has major antigens hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N).
    • Transmission occurs through respiratory droplets.
    • Influenza A causes worldwide epidemics (pandemics), while Influenza B causes major outbreaks and Influenza C causes mild respiratory tract infections.

    Orthomyxoviridae

    • Antigenic Shift (Pandemics) involves major changes based on the reassortment of segments of the genome RNA.
    • Antigenic Drift (Epidemic) involves minor changes based on mutations in the genome RNA.
    • Treatment options include Oseltamivir or Zanamivir.
    • Prevention is achieved through yearly vaccination/immunization.

    RNA Viruses - Paramyxoviridae

    • Parainfluenza, RSV, Measles, and Mumps are all types of Paramyxoviruses.
    • Parainfluenza primarily affects young children, causing upper and lower respiratory tract infections.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the differences between positive-stranded RNA viruses and DNA viruses. Learn about how RNA viruses can be immediately translated by host ribosomes, while DNA viruses need to undergo transcription into mRNA first. Explore key examples of DNA viruses like Parvovirus, Adenovirus, and Papillomavirus.

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