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Questions and Answers
What characteristic defines a manifesto?
What characteristic defines a manifesto?
Which fallacy involves attacking the individual making the argument rather than the argument itself?
Which fallacy involves attacking the individual making the argument rather than the argument itself?
The assertion that allowing one event to occur will lead to an extreme consequence is known as what type of fallacy?
The assertion that allowing one event to occur will lead to an extreme consequence is known as what type of fallacy?
What flaw does the Black or White fallacy present?
What flaw does the Black or White fallacy present?
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Which of the following exemplifies the composition division fallacy?
Which of the following exemplifies the composition division fallacy?
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What is a common misunderstanding in the burden of proof fallacy?
What is a common misunderstanding in the burden of proof fallacy?
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Which fallacy uses popularity as a means of validation?
Which fallacy uses popularity as a means of validation?
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How does a Loaded Question fallacy function?
How does a Loaded Question fallacy function?
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Which statement best describes the purpose of factual evidence in an argument?
Which statement best describes the purpose of factual evidence in an argument?
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What is the main difference between empirical evidence and statistical information?
What is the main difference between empirical evidence and statistical information?
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What role does reasoning play in the structure of an argument?
What role does reasoning play in the structure of an argument?
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Why is it important to challenge the quality of evidence in arguments you disagree with?
Why is it important to challenge the quality of evidence in arguments you disagree with?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the source of factual evidence?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the source of factual evidence?
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What is the primary purpose of a position paper?
What is the primary purpose of a position paper?
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Which component of a position paper reflects the writer's chosen stance on an issue?
Which component of a position paper reflects the writer's chosen stance on an issue?
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In a logical argument, what role do premises serve?
In a logical argument, what role do premises serve?
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Which of the following best describes a manifesto?
Which of the following best describes a manifesto?
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What is an example of a claim in the context of a position paper?
What is an example of a claim in the context of a position paper?
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When analyzing an argument, what is typically the first step?
When analyzing an argument, what is typically the first step?
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Which of the following statements is NOT true about claims in a position paper?
Which of the following statements is NOT true about claims in a position paper?
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What is the significance of evidence in a position paper?
What is the significance of evidence in a position paper?
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Flashcards
Position Paper
Position Paper
A piece of writing stating someone's stance on a debatable topic, aiming to persuade the reader.
Issue (in a Position Paper)
Issue (in a Position Paper)
The debatable topic or subject the writer chooses a side on (for or against).
Argumentative Thesis
Argumentative Thesis
The writer's clear statement of their position on the issue.
Claim
Claim
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Evidence
Evidence
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Argument (logic)
Argument (logic)
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Analyzing an Argument (steps)
Analyzing an Argument (steps)
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Manifesto
Manifesto
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Fallacy
Fallacy
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Ad Hominem Fallacy
Ad Hominem Fallacy
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Straw Man Fallacy
Straw Man Fallacy
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Loaded Question Fallacy
Loaded Question Fallacy
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Black or White Fallacy
Black or White Fallacy
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Slippery Slope Fallacy
Slippery Slope Fallacy
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Burden of Proof Fallacy
Burden of Proof Fallacy
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Composition/Division Fallacy
Composition/Division Fallacy
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Appeal to Emotion
Appeal to Emotion
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Argument
Argument
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Factual Evidence
Factual Evidence
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Facts
Facts
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Empirical Evidence
Empirical Evidence
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Study Notes
Position Paper
- A position paper presents a stance on a debatable issue.
- The goal is to persuade the reader to adopt the writer's viewpoint.
- The paper should be arguable.
Position Paper Components
- Issue: The topic being debated. The writer chooses a side (positive or negative).
- Argumentative Thesis: A statement of the writer's position on the issue.
- Claims: Supporting statements for the thesis.
- Evidence: Proofs supporting the claims. Example: statistics, examples, expert opinions.
Argument
- An argument comprises a conclusion and premises leading to the conclusion.
- Premises are reasons given to justify the conclusion.
- Example: "If you want a good grade, study hard. You want a good grade. Therefore, study hard."
Manifesto
- A manifesto is a public declaration of intentions, views, or plans.
- It often outlines the position or program of an individual or group about political, ideological, and other issues.
Fallacies
- Fallacies are flawed reasoning that leads to inaccurate conclusions without proper evidence.
- Ad Hominem: Attacking the person making the argument instead of the argument itself.
- Straw Man: Misrepresenting someone's argument to make it easier to attack.
- Slippery Slope: Arguing that one action will inevitably lead to a series of negative consequences.
- Burden of Proof: Claiming that the burden of proof lies on someone else to disprove a claim.
- Composition/Division: Assuming something true of a part is true of the whole, or vice versa.
- Bandwagon: Accepting a claim because many people believe it.
- Appeal to Emotion: Using emotional appeals instead of logical arguments.
- Loaded Question: Asking a question with an embedded assumption.
- Black or White: Presenting only two options when more exist.
Factual Evidence
- Facts: Statements known to be true.
- Empirical Evidence: Data based on observations and experiments.
- Statistical Information: Data collected, analyzed, and presented by scientists.
Essential Features of a Position Paper
- A debatable issue statement.
- A clear position on the issue.
- A convincing argument.
- A reasonable tone.
Credible Sources
- Laws and government documents.
- Reports from international organizations.
- Books, encyclopedias, and dictionaries.
- Academic articles and reputable news sources.
- Expert interviews.
Position Paper Format
- Argumentative Thesis: A clear assertion of the author's position.
- Claims/Assertions: Supporting statements.
- Evidence: Proof that justifies the claims.
- Conclusion: Summary of arguments and justification for the thesis.
Scientific Report
- Reports that systematically describe scientific or technical investigations.
- Includes sections like introduction, methods, results, discussion, and conclusion.
Field Report
- A report on a field or practical study.
- Includes observations, descriptions of activities, interpretation, and analysis. Explores events from a study or observation.
Business Report
- Conveys information relevant to business decision-making.
- Includes sections like executive summary, table of contents, introduction, body, and conclusion.
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Description
This quiz explores the components and structure of position papers, argumentative theses, and effective claims and evidence. You'll learn how to construct persuasive arguments while avoiding common fallacies. Test your understanding of these critical writing skills!