Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of transmission occurs when a vector mechanically carries organisms?
What type of transmission occurs when a vector mechanically carries organisms?
- Vertical transmission
- External transmission (correct)
- Internal transmission
- Direct transmission
Which step is NOT part of the basic epidemiological process?
Which step is NOT part of the basic epidemiological process?
- Gathering historical data
- Identifying determinants influencing conditions
- Determining the nature of the problem
- Designing a laboratory experiment (correct)
What type of epidemiological study is focused on artificially induced epidemics?
What type of epidemiological study is focused on artificially induced epidemics?
- Field epidemiology
- Observed epidemiology
- Descriptive epidemiology
- Experimental epidemiology (correct)
In the epidemiological process, which step involves assessing the significance of a health issue?
In the epidemiological process, which step involves assessing the significance of a health issue?
Which of the following is NOT considered a determinant influencing a health condition?
Which of the following is NOT considered a determinant influencing a health condition?
Which disease is mentioned as an example of a condition with airborne transmission?
Which disease is mentioned as an example of a condition with airborne transmission?
What is the focus of field epidemiology?
What is the focus of field epidemiology?
Which of the following best defines vector-borne transmission?
Which of the following best defines vector-borne transmission?
What was the death rate in the Philippines per 1,000 people in 2019?
What was the death rate in the Philippines per 1,000 people in 2019?
Which of the following years showed a decline in fertility rate in the Philippines?
Which of the following years showed a decline in fertility rate in the Philippines?
What was the maternal mortality rate in the Philippines estimated in 2017?
What was the maternal mortality rate in the Philippines estimated in 2017?
Which of the following was not listed as a leading cause of morbidity in the Philippines?
Which of the following was not listed as a leading cause of morbidity in the Philippines?
What pattern can significantly affect disease incidence related to mosquito abundance?
What pattern can significantly affect disease incidence related to mosquito abundance?
How many deaths per 1,000 live births were recorded for infant mortality in the Philippines in 2019?
How many deaths per 1,000 live births were recorded for infant mortality in the Philippines in 2019?
What decline percentage was observed in the fertility rate from 2018 to 2019?
What decline percentage was observed in the fertility rate from 2018 to 2019?
Who proposed the germ theory of disease?
Who proposed the germ theory of disease?
Which health determinant study is not a part of epidemiology?
Which health determinant study is not a part of epidemiology?
Which of the following is NOT considered a pathogen?
Which of the following is NOT considered a pathogen?
What components are represented in the wheel theory of disease?
What components are represented in the wheel theory of disease?
How are infectious diseases characterized?
How are infectious diseases characterized?
Which of the following is a recommended practice to maintain health?
Which of the following is a recommended practice to maintain health?
What does the germ theory assert about diseases?
What does the germ theory assert about diseases?
In the wheel theory of disease, what do the spokes in the outer portion represent?
In the wheel theory of disease, what do the spokes in the outer portion represent?
What is necessary for determining appropriate antibiotic treatment for a disease?
What is necessary for determining appropriate antibiotic treatment for a disease?
What was the population of the 3rd district prior to the increase?
What was the population of the 3rd district prior to the increase?
What is the formula used to calculate the relative increase in population?
What is the formula used to calculate the relative increase in population?
What is the relative increase in population in the 3rd district?
What is the relative increase in population in the 3rd district?
Which method assigns people based on their usual residence regardless of where they are during the census?
Which method assigns people based on their usual residence regardless of where they are during the census?
What does population composition refer to?
What does population composition refer to?
What is the sex ratio formula defined in the content?
What is the sex ratio formula defined in the content?
Which option best describes the purpose of a census?
Which option best describes the purpose of a census?
Which of the following best describes the de facto method?
Which of the following best describes the de facto method?
What is the primary goal of rehabilitation in the context of physical therapy?
What is the primary goal of rehabilitation in the context of physical therapy?
Which of the following is NOT a component of health promotion?
Which of the following is NOT a component of health promotion?
In the prepathogenesis period, what factors are interrelated?
In the prepathogenesis period, what factors are interrelated?
How does work therapy in hospitals contribute to physical therapy?
How does work therapy in hospitals contribute to physical therapy?
What is a selective placement in the context of rehabilitation?
What is a selective placement in the context of rehabilitation?
What role does the epidemiology and surveillance unit play in public health?
What role does the epidemiology and surveillance unit play in public health?
What is an essential feature of good nutritional standards in health promotion?
What is an essential feature of good nutritional standards in health promotion?
Which strategy is part of preventing complications in physical therapy?
Which strategy is part of preventing complications in physical therapy?
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Study Notes
Population Increase and Census
- 2019 population of the 3rd district reached 555,000, up from 155,000.
- Relative population increase calculated as: (555,000 - 155,000) / 155,000 = 2.57.
- Census is an official enumeration that collects demographic, economic, and social data to inform public policy and services.
Population Composition
- Composition factors include sex, age, occupation, and education levels.
- Sex ratio formula: (number of males / number of females) x 100, indicating male-to-female distribution.
Vital Statistics
- Death rate in the Philippines decreased from 8 per 1,000 in 1970 to 5.9 per 1,000 in 2019.
- Fertility rate in 2019: 2.555 births per woman, a decline from 2.580 in 2018.
- Infant mortality rate in 2019: 19.239 deaths per 1,000 live births, declining 2.16% from 2018.
- Maternal mortality rate recorded at 121 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2017.
Leading Causes of Morbidity
- Top causes include:
- Acute respiratory infections
- Acute lower respiratory tract infections (pneumonia)
- Bronchitis
- Hypertension
- Acute watery diarrhea
Epidemiology
- Defined as the study of health-related states and events in specified populations to control health problems.
- Germ theory, proposed by Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch, asserts that diseases result from specific germs that can be isolated.
Theories of Disease
- Wheel theory visualizes disease causation, connecting central genetic components with environmental factors represented by outer spokes.
- Pathogens, including bacteria and viruses, are the primary causal agents of infectious diseases.
Infectious Diseases
- Diseases transmitted from one individual to another are termed communicable.
- Infectious agents can be airborne or contained in dust particles, with vector-borne transmission involving arthropod carriers.
Epidemiological Process
- Steps include determining the nature and extent of health problems, including historical-analytical methods for long-term disease studies and experimental epidemiology for lab-induced studies.
Preventive Measures
- Prevention strategies address the natural history of diseases:
- Health promotion through education and good nutrition.
- Rehabilitation includes training for maximizing remaining capabilities.
- Focus on public health education and standards to manage disease impacts.
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