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Questions and Answers
What does contemporary feminist translation emphasize in relation to textual authority?
What does contemporary feminist translation emphasize in relation to textual authority?
How has cultural studies contributed to the field of translation?
How has cultural studies contributed to the field of translation?
What aspect of postcolonialism is frequently investigated in translation studies?
What aspect of postcolonialism is frequently investigated in translation studies?
What criticism does Spivak make about Western feminists and translation?
What criticism does Spivak make about Western feminists and translation?
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What is 'translatese' as described by Spivak?
What is 'translatese' as described by Spivak?
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What potential issue arises from translating Third World literature into English, according to Spivak?
What potential issue arises from translating Third World literature into English, according to Spivak?
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Which disciplines intersect with translation studies as indicated in contemporary discussions?
Which disciplines intersect with translation studies as indicated in contemporary discussions?
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What impact does translation have on the identities of individuals and cultures, according to Spivak?
What impact does translation have on the identities of individuals and cultures, according to Spivak?
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Which of the following best describes the purpose of nominalization analysis in translation?
Which of the following best describes the purpose of nominalization analysis in translation?
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What does the term 'markedness' refer to in translation theory?
What does the term 'markedness' refer to in translation theory?
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Which language is noted for using particles rather than word order to mark themes?
Which language is noted for using particles rather than word order to mark themes?
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What potential issue does Vázquez-Ayora highlight regarding English to Spanish translations?
What potential issue does Vázquez-Ayora highlight regarding English to Spanish translations?
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How does cohesion contribute to the effectiveness of a text?
How does cohesion contribute to the effectiveness of a text?
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According to Blum-Kulka, what impact can changes in cohesion have during translation?
According to Blum-Kulka, what impact can changes in cohesion have during translation?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the thematic structure in translation?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the thematic structure in translation?
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What is emphasized as a critical aspect of translation theory in relation to thematic structure?
What is emphasized as a critical aspect of translation theory in relation to thematic structure?
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What was the initial focus of Gideon Toury's work in translation studies?
What was the initial focus of Gideon Toury's work in translation studies?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the three phases proposed by Toury in his methodology for descriptive translation studies?
Which of the following is NOT one of the three phases proposed by Toury in his methodology for descriptive translation studies?
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What term does Toury use to describe corresponding segments in source and target texts?
What term does Toury use to describe corresponding segments in source and target texts?
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Which type of translation shifts does Toury identify in his analysis?
Which type of translation shifts does Toury identify in his analysis?
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What criticism is levied against Toury regarding his approach to translation?
What criticism is levied against Toury regarding his approach to translation?
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What aspect of translation studies does Toury's methodology specifically aim to identify?
What aspect of translation studies does Toury's methodology specifically aim to identify?
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Which of the following best describes the relationship between Toury's work and Even-Zohar's polysystem theory?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between Toury's work and Even-Zohar's polysystem theory?
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What is the significance of replicability in Toury's methodology?
What is the significance of replicability in Toury's methodology?
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What is the primary aim of domesticating a translated text?
What is the primary aim of domesticating a translated text?
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What is one of the main criticisms of translation studies mentioned?
What is one of the main criticisms of translation studies mentioned?
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What does Venuti associate with the practice of invisibility in translation?
What does Venuti associate with the practice of invisibility in translation?
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What concept does Michaela Wolf attribute to the role of translators within colonial contexts?
What concept does Michaela Wolf attribute to the role of translators within colonial contexts?
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How does foreignization differ from domestication in translation practice?
How does foreignization differ from domestication in translation practice?
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According to Rao's argument, what does 'non-colonial translation theory' emphasize?
According to Rao's argument, what does 'non-colonial translation theory' emphasize?
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Which historical figure does Venuti reference in relation to domestication and foreignization?
Which historical figure does Venuti reference in relation to domestication and foreignization?
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Why are translated texts often judged acceptable by publishers and readers?
Why are translated texts often judged acceptable by publishers and readers?
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What aspect of translation does Homi Bhabha's discourse suggest?
What aspect of translation does Homi Bhabha's discourse suggest?
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Which of the following is a flaw in western translation theory as criticized in the content?
Which of the following is a flaw in western translation theory as criticized in the content?
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What cultural concern does Venuti link with the practice of domestication?
What cultural concern does Venuti link with the practice of domestication?
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What is a characteristic feature of a translation that practices domestication?
What is a characteristic feature of a translation that practices domestication?
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Which movement is credited with the origins of modern hermeneutics?
Which movement is credited with the origins of modern hermeneutics?
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What key reference is noted for influencing the hermeneutics of translation?
What key reference is noted for influencing the hermeneutics of translation?
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What does the 'illusion of transparency' in translation refer to?
What does the 'illusion of transparency' in translation refer to?
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What does the phrase 'third space' refer to in the context of translation studies?
What does the phrase 'third space' refer to in the context of translation studies?
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What does Steiner mean by 'the dialectic of embodiment' in translation?
What does Steiner mean by 'the dialectic of embodiment' in translation?
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What is the consequence of a translator experiencing imbalance as described by Steiner?
What is the consequence of a translator experiencing imbalance as described by Steiner?
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What does Steiner suggest is the solution to the imbalance caused by translation?
What does Steiner suggest is the solution to the imbalance caused by translation?
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How does Steiner describe the result of translation on the source text (ST)?
How does Steiner describe the result of translation on the source text (ST)?
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What metaphor does Steiner use to describe the relationship between the source text and its translations?
What metaphor does Steiner use to describe the relationship between the source text and its translations?
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What role does compensation play in the translation process according to Steiner?
What role does compensation play in the translation process according to Steiner?
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Which of the following describes the 'resistant vitalities' of a source text?
Which of the following describes the 'resistant vitalities' of a source text?
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What does Steiner imply about translations that are 'only partly adequate'?
What does Steiner imply about translations that are 'only partly adequate'?
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Study Notes
Polysystem Theory
- Emerged in the 1970s, developed by Itamar Even-Zohar
- Views translated literature as a system within a larger social, literary, and historical context
- Literature is interconnected with other systems (social, cultural, literary, and historical)
- Emphasizes the significance of 'low' genres (e.g., children's literature, thrillers) and translated literature, that was previously overlooked.
- Translated literature operates as a system within the target culture
- Influenced by Russian Formalists
- Focuses on the relationships between various systems, termed 'polysystem'
- Functions as a dynamic system, changing based on historical moments
- Translated literature can occupy a primary or secondary position within the polysystem.
- Primary position = innovative, influential, shaping new models for target culture
- Secondary position = conserving, reflecting prevailing norms.
Toury and Descriptive Translation Studies
- Gideon Toury's methodology focuses on the positioning of a translation within the social and literary systems of the target culture
- Emphasizes the importance of considering translations as 'facts' of the target culture
- Introduces a three-phase methodology for DTS:
- Positioning the translation in the target culture system (significance/acceptability)
- Analyzing the source and target texts and identifying their relationships (coupled pairs, shifts in translation)
- Generalizing about the translation process reflected in the pair
- Aims to reconstruct translation norms that operate
- Recognizes the role of sociocultural constraints
- Consists of product-based and process-based norms.
Hallidayan Model of Language and Discourse
- Based on Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL)
- Emphasizes the interrelation between linguistic choices, aims of communication, and sociocultural context
- Context is paramount to meaning
- Register (Field, Tenor, Mode)
- Three metafunctions (Ideational, interpersonal, textual)
Pragmatics and Translation
- Pragmatics focuses on language in use
- Coherence, presupposition, and implicature are key pragmatic concepts
- Cultural norms influence the successful communication of meaning
- Key issues for translators: Cultural difference and the variation in norms
- Translators must adapt the language and context of the original to the target language.
Steiner's Hermeneutic Motion
- Examines translation as interpretation
- Emphasizes the interrelationship between the ST and the TT
- A model that accounts for movement and relationships between the ST and TT.
Translation Norms and Theories
- Various theories for analyzing translation norms exist.
- These theories help to examine the relationship between the ST, TT and the culture they represent.
- Some theories focus more on the textual level, while others emphasize the roles of social and cultural factors
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Description
Explore the foundational concepts of Polysystem Theory developed by Itamar Even-Zohar in the 1970s. This quiz examines the interconnections between translated literature and other social and cultural systems, as well as the dynamic roles of literature within the target culture. Test your understanding of how translated works can influence or reflect cultural norms.
