Polysystem and Descriptive Translation Studies

<p>Cultural and literary products shaped by norms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simplifying ST relations to align with TL norms occurs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accountability Norm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sociocultural functions and contexts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conservative works conforming to norms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ideological, economic, and status (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Independent control of its components (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By re-evaluating fidelity to the writing project (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ideological and poetological concerns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The active participation by women translators (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They often disappear or become pejorative (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The genres, symbols, and roles of literature in society (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Translation is a derivative process and less valuable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The subject matter being discussed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Covert translation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Style (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pragmatic and textual levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Understanding sociocultural contexts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The active/passive roles in discourse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Understanding the broader cultural and ideological implications (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Translation as rewriting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incorporation of various fields such as cultural history and literary studies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Purpose-driven translation that involves multiple roles and interactions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The translator's responsibility to maintain equity and faithfulness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Translation often rewrites colonized cultures to fit the colonizer's narrative. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The TT is determined primarily by its intended purpose. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It erases the rich identities of diverse cultural voices. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ambivalence and hybridity that challenges colonial authority. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He dismisses them as sterile and less effective. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Initiates the translation process by contacting the translator. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Translators engage with overlapping cultural spaces and power dynamics. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Translation exists as a site of power struggle and cultural negotiation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skopos rule. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cases where the ST and TT share the same function. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The dominance and image of the colonizer. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Initiative Trust (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is seen as a violent process akin to appropriation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preservation of cultural differences and integrity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The integration of source text meaning into the target language. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Feminism critiques the hegemonic languages used in translating marginalized voices. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sacramental Intake and Infection. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It balances the energetic interactions between the source text and target text. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Translation alters both the source text and target text. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overwhelmed by expansive meanings. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Translators may reinforce cultural imbalances through their choices. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The overarching system encompassing social, cultural, and historical forces that influence literature, including translated works.

Translated literature occupies a primary position within the polysystem when it promotes innovation and shapes the literary center of a culture.

Translated literature holds a secondary position when it conforms to the norms and conventions of the target culture, often playing a more conservative role.

Analyzes translations as cultural and literary products shaped by context and norms.

The initial decision to prioritize either source or target culture norms in a translation.

The translation process is determined by norms influencing various choices, including translation policy and directness.

Factors like presentation and linguistic adjustments made during translation, such as omissions or additions.

The concept that language choices made in texts reflect the sociocultural functions of the language itself.

The social and cultural context that influences how texts are produced and interpreted, including political and historical factors, and impacts genre conventions.

Connects social context to language by analyzing a text's subject matter (Field), relationships between participants (Tenor), and communication medium (Mode).

The aspect of language that represents the world and events, including the way actions and actors are portrayed.

The aspect of language that deals with social relationships and power dynamics, including politeness and formality.

The aspect of language that focuses on the text's structure and flow, including how sentences are organized and linked.

A model developed by House to assess translation quality by analyzing the register of both the source text (ST) and target text (TT), looking for mismatches in Field, Tenor, and Mode.

A translation that remains true to the source text's culture and conventions. Think of literal translations.

A translation that adapts the source text to target cultural conventions and norms. Think of dubbed films.

Different elements that influence how literature is created and received, including professional groups like critics and academics, and external forces like politicians and publishers.

The conscious choice to change a text's ideology or style, often to conform to dominant beliefs or literary norms.

Support from individuals or groups that provide resources, recognition, and social status to writers. It can involve ideological, economic, and social factors.

A situation where one entity controls all aspects of patronage, including ideological, economic, and social influence.

A situation where different entities control the ideological, economic, and social aspects of patronage, allowing for more independent creative expression.

The dominant literary styles, genres, symbols, and the way literature is perceived in society.

A literary work's status as a classic, often achieved through inclusion in educational systems and anthologies, reflecting these systems' conservative biases.

The idea that ideological and poetological considerations often outweigh linguistic factors in translation, affecting how a text is interpreted.

Translation theory analyzing the impact of colonialism on power dynamics in translation.

Examines how colonialism influences translation practices and power structures.

Critiques western feminism's reliance on hegemonic languages (like English) in translating "Third World" literature.

A style of translation that aims to blend different cultural voices into one, often erasing identity.

Translation scholars should deeply understand and respect the source language and cultural context.

Tejaswini Niranjana's critique of western translation studies' failure to acknowledge power imbalances between languages.

The space between languages and cultures where translation operates, potentially subverting colonial authority.

A translation approach that resists colonial frameworks and prioritizes preserving cultural difference.

The translator starts with an assumption that the source text has a clear and translatable meaning, like approaching a new language with a sense of wonder and trust.

The translator actively extracts meaning from the source text, similar to mining for valuable information. It's a forceful, yet necessary step to uncover the source's true meaning.

The source text's meaning is integrated into the target language, potentially enriching or even changing the target language's system.

The translator seeks a balance between the source and target texts, ensuring both are honored and enriched in the process.

Translation is not a one-way street, but a dynamic process where both source and target texts change and influence each other.

The translator needs to be aware of the power dynamics between languages and cultures, aiming for a translation that is respectful and ethical.

A translator's role is to honor the source text's cultural and ideological nuances, ensuring an accurate and respectful bridge between cultures.

Translation can either reinforce or challenge existing power imbalances, as it can amplify or diminish the voice of the source culture.

A translation process where the translator engages in a back-and-forth movement between the source and target texts, aiming for a balance between faithfulness to the original and understanding in the target culture. It emphasizes reciprocal understanding and dynamic interaction between languages.

The concept that translation is guided by its purpose or goal, known as the 'skopos.' This theory emphasizes that the translated text should be appropriate and functional for its specific context and audience in the target culture.

A rule in Skopos Theory that dictates the translated text must be internally consistent and coherent, making sense within its target context. This means that the translation should be logically structured and flow smoothly for the target audience.

A rule in Skopos Theory stating that the translation should maintain a connection to the source text, preserving key elements and meaning despite adjustments made for the target audience.

The degree to which a translation fulfills its purpose and satisfies the needs of the target audience. This is based on the intended function and context of the translated text.

A translation concept focusing on the functional equivalence between the source and target texts. This means that the translated text should achieve the same purpose and perform the same function as the original text in the target culture.

An approach to translation that integrates linguistic, literary, cultural, and specialized knowledge. This holistic view recognizes that translation is a complex process that involves understanding multiple layers of meaning.

A model that views translation as a communicative act with specific roles and functions. It emphasizes the purpose-driven nature of translation and the need for effective communication between stakeholders.