POLS 320: Law Exam 2 Study Guide

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Questions and Answers

What are the two main types of law discussed in the study guide?

  • Procedural and Substantive Law (correct)
  • Civil and Criminal Law
  • Common and Statutory Law
  • Public and Private Law

Which stage of a civil trial involves the jury selection process?

  • Case-in-chief
  • Defense
  • Voir dire (correct)
  • Verdict

What are the three main types of jurisdiction discussed?

  • Subject, Personal, and Property Jurisdiction (correct)
  • Original, Appellate, and Federal Jurisdiction
  • Legal, Equitable, and Exclusive Jurisdiction
  • Civil, Criminal, and Administrative Jurisdiction

Which element is NOT required for a valid contract?

<p>Insurance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a civil trial, what is a 'motion in limine' used for?

<p>To limit evidence at trial (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of contract involves a promise in exchange for an act?

<p>Unilateral contract (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of jurisdiction relates to the court's authority over the property?

<p>In rem Jurisdiction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a person who benefits from a contract but is not directly involved in forming it?

<p>Third-Party Beneficiary (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Hearsay' in the context of evidence law refers to information that is:

<p>'Second-hand' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What organization began in 1871 and aims to increase the professionalism of police officers and agencies?

<p>International Association of Chiefs of Police (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who advocated for all police officers to obtain college degrees to professionalize the police force?

<p>August Vollmer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization focuses on improving the science of policing, promoting best practices, and setting ethical standards for law enforcement?

<p>International Association of Chiefs of Police (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In investigating a series of murders with similar methods, what term describes the shared characteristics in how the crimes were committed?

<p>modus operandi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who first introduced the system for classifying offenders and crimes based on specific characteristics?

<p>modus operandi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Enhanced interrogation' is often associated with which degree of questioning in law enforcement?

<p>the third degree (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is Sir Robert Peel referred to as the 'Father of Modern Policing'?

<p>He established the London Metropolitan Police Force (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which act is associated with the improvement of working conditions for police officers since the 1980s?

<p>Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is August Vollmer known as the 'Father of American Policing'?

<p>He established the first American police academy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was August Vollmer's stance on the 'third-degree' interrogation method?

<p>He sought to outlaw its use due to its violent nature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why were vigilantes formed in certain communities?

<p>To distribute justice according to their own rules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major reason for police officers being considered undesirable in the 19th century?

<p>Dangerous working conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did early American police forces rarely carry revolvers?

<p>Most police officers lacked training and were incapable of properly using revolvers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What important ethical guideline for police is emphasized in the Peelian principles?

<p>Police should only use force when it is necessary. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization is recognized as the first organized police organization in America?

<p>Slave patrols (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is referred to as the Father of American Policing?

<p>August Vollmer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered the beginning of modern public policing?

<p>Metropolitan Police Act of 1829 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the origins of American policing based on historical influences?

<p>English common law and policing traditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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