POLS 320: Law Exam 2 Study Guide
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Questions and Answers

What are the two main types of law discussed in the study guide?

  • Procedural and Substantive Law (correct)
  • Civil and Criminal Law
  • Common and Statutory Law
  • Public and Private Law
  • Which stage of a civil trial involves the jury selection process?

  • Case-in-chief
  • Defense
  • Voir dire (correct)
  • Verdict
  • What are the three main types of jurisdiction discussed?

  • Subject, Personal, and Property Jurisdiction (correct)
  • Original, Appellate, and Federal Jurisdiction
  • Legal, Equitable, and Exclusive Jurisdiction
  • Civil, Criminal, and Administrative Jurisdiction
  • Which element is NOT required for a valid contract?

    <p>Insurance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a civil trial, what is a 'motion in limine' used for?

    <p>To limit evidence at trial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of contract involves a promise in exchange for an act?

    <p>Unilateral contract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of jurisdiction relates to the court's authority over the property?

    <p>In rem Jurisdiction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a person who benefits from a contract but is not directly involved in forming it?

    <p>Third-Party Beneficiary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Hearsay' in the context of evidence law refers to information that is:

    <p>'Second-hand'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organization began in 1871 and aims to increase the professionalism of police officers and agencies?

    <p>International Association of Chiefs of Police</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who advocated for all police officers to obtain college degrees to professionalize the police force?

    <p>August Vollmer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization focuses on improving the science of policing, promoting best practices, and setting ethical standards for law enforcement?

    <p>International Association of Chiefs of Police</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In investigating a series of murders with similar methods, what term describes the shared characteristics in how the crimes were committed?

    <p>modus operandi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who first introduced the system for classifying offenders and crimes based on specific characteristics?

    <p>modus operandi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Enhanced interrogation' is often associated with which degree of questioning in law enforcement?

    <p>the third degree</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Sir Robert Peel referred to as the 'Father of Modern Policing'?

    <p>He established the London Metropolitan Police Force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which act is associated with the improvement of working conditions for police officers since the 1980s?

    <p>Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is August Vollmer known as the 'Father of American Policing'?

    <p>He established the first American police academy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was August Vollmer's stance on the 'third-degree' interrogation method?

    <p>He sought to outlaw its use due to its violent nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why were vigilantes formed in certain communities?

    <p>To distribute justice according to their own rules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major reason for police officers being considered undesirable in the 19th century?

    <p>Dangerous working conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did early American police forces rarely carry revolvers?

    <p>Most police officers lacked training and were incapable of properly using revolvers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What important ethical guideline for police is emphasized in the Peelian principles?

    <p>Police should only use force when it is necessary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization is recognized as the first organized police organization in America?

    <p>Slave patrols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is referred to as the Father of American Policing?

    <p>August Vollmer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered the beginning of modern public policing?

    <p>Metropolitan Police Act of 1829</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the origins of American policing based on historical influences?

    <p>English common law and policing traditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

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