POLS 320: Law Exam 2 Study Guide

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What are the two main types of law discussed in the study guide?

Procedural and Substantive Law (correct)

Civil and Criminal Law

Common and Statutory Law

Public and Private Law

Which stage of a civil trial involves the jury selection process?

Case-in-chief

Defense

Voir dire (correct)

Verdict

What are the three main types of jurisdiction discussed?

Subject, Personal, and Property Jurisdiction (correct)

Original, Appellate, and Federal Jurisdiction

Legal, Equitable, and Exclusive Jurisdiction

Civil, Criminal, and Administrative Jurisdiction

Which element is NOT required for a valid contract?

Insurance Signup and view all the answers

In a civil trial, what is a 'motion in limine' used for?

To limit evidence at trial Signup and view all the answers

What type of contract involves a promise in exchange for an act?

Unilateral contract Signup and view all the answers

Which type of jurisdiction relates to the court's authority over the property?

In rem Jurisdiction Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a person who benefits from a contract but is not directly involved in forming it?

Third-Party Beneficiary Signup and view all the answers

'Hearsay' in the context of evidence law refers to information that is:

'Second-hand' Signup and view all the answers

What organization began in 1871 and aims to increase the professionalism of police officers and agencies?

International Association of Chiefs of Police Signup and view all the answers

Who advocated for all police officers to obtain college degrees to professionalize the police force?

August Vollmer Signup and view all the answers

Which organization focuses on improving the science of policing, promoting best practices, and setting ethical standards for law enforcement?

International Association of Chiefs of Police Signup and view all the answers

In investigating a series of murders with similar methods, what term describes the shared characteristics in how the crimes were committed?

modus operandi Signup and view all the answers

Who first introduced the system for classifying offenders and crimes based on specific characteristics?

modus operandi Signup and view all the answers

'Enhanced interrogation' is often associated with which degree of questioning in law enforcement?

the third degree Signup and view all the answers

Why is Sir Robert Peel referred to as the 'Father of Modern Policing'?

He established the London Metropolitan Police Force Signup and view all the answers

Which act is associated with the improvement of working conditions for police officers since the 1980s?

Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 Signup and view all the answers

Why is August Vollmer known as the 'Father of American Policing'?

He established the first American police academy Signup and view all the answers

What was August Vollmer's stance on the 'third-degree' interrogation method?

He sought to outlaw its use due to its violent nature Signup and view all the answers

Why were vigilantes formed in certain communities?

To distribute justice according to their own rules Signup and view all the answers

What was a major reason for police officers being considered undesirable in the 19th century?

Dangerous working conditions Signup and view all the answers

Why did early American police forces rarely carry revolvers?

Most police officers lacked training and were incapable of properly using revolvers. Signup and view all the answers

What important ethical guideline for police is emphasized in the Peelian principles?

Police should only use force when it is necessary. Signup and view all the answers

Which organization is recognized as the first organized police organization in America?

Slave patrols Signup and view all the answers

Who is referred to as the Father of American Policing?