Political Science Concepts and Definitions Quiz

Economic factors = Development of market capitalism and support from the bourgeoisie Religious factors = Gradual separation between political and religious power Cultural factors = Cultural uniformity and legitimization of state power Political factors = Competitive dynamics leading to the reduction of political units

Institutionalization = The process by which an organization is constituted in a structured manner Bureaucratization = Organization according to formalized and rationalized rules Hierarchy = A system of ranked positions within an organization Competence-based recruitment = Selecting individuals for roles based on their skills

Stein Rokkan = Party Systems and Voter Alignments Seymour Martin Lipset = Party Systems and Voter Alignments Norbert Elias = On Civilising Processes, State Formation Max Weber = Affirmation of the State as dominant political organization

<p>12th century = Emergence of competitive dynamics 18th century = Gradual reduction of political units due to war 19th century = Peak of the Nation-State emergence Modern era = Institutionalization of the State</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Political system = Institutional system coinciding with the nation Social system = Community adherence to the political system Feeling of belonging = Distinction between a State and a nation Precedence of nation = A nation can exist before a State is formed</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bureaucratic organization = Coordinates military activities Taxation = Finances the armed forces Legitimization of power = Secures the territory Public institution establishment = Support for governance and security</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Modernization theory = Economic development promotes democratization Inequality theory = Social inequalities hinder democratization Institutional theory = Presidential democracies are more likely to breakdown Political actors theory = Leaders committed to democracy foster transitions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Market capitalism = Supports centralized power Reformation = Promotes separation of powers Military competition = Reduces number of political units Cultural identity = Fosters legitimization of state authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reverse causality = Better institutions facilitate economic growth Nonviolent strategies = More likely to trigger transition to democracy Economic elites = Resist democratization due to fear of redistribution Waves of democratization = Historical cycles of democratic expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Centralized power = Supported by economic development Differentiated power = Separation of political and religious authority Legitimization of state = Cultural uniformity enhances governance Nation-State = Coexistence of state and national identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Military regimes = Less resilient than dictatorships with parties Authoritarian regimes = Often include parties and legislatures Presidential democracies = Higher likelihood of breakdown Parliamentary democracies = Generally more stable</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rousseau = The Social Contract Piketty = Critique of income inequalities since the 1970s Moses Finley = Differences between ancient and modern democracies Analysts of authoritarian regimes = Focus on regime resilience</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diffusion = External factors influencing domestic democratization Social movements = Important actors in political regime transformations Economic development = Strong correlation with levels of democracy Democracy in Greece = Origins traced back to the 6th century BC</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1970s income inequalities = Growing in advanced industrial democracies Transitions to democracy = Fostered by committed leaders Foreign aid = Supports democratic groups Graphical representation of democracy = Shows historical cycles of expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fear of redistribution = Economic elites resisting democratization Clientelism = Not all dictatorships favour the rich Democratization cycles = Periods of significant democratic growth International organizations = Influence domestic democratization processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Political economy = Examines relationship between economics and democracy Comparative politics = Studies institutional explanations and regime types Social theory = Focuses on actions of individuals and movements International relations = Explores external factors influencing democracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Feminist theorists (initially) = Skeptical and negative view of the State Feminist theorists (1990s) = Positive view of the State as a tool for social change Welfare State = Importance for social provisions and support Governance = Partnership between the State and various institutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Political regime = Mode of organization of powers established by the State Classificatory perspective = Describing the types of government structures Normative perspective = Judging the effectiveness or morality of governments Totalitarian regime = Centralized control with little to no personal freedom</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jean-Louis Quermonne = Conceptualization of political regimes and government elements Rousseau = Classification of regimes based on numerical and moral criteria Feminist theorists = Exploration of gender in relation to State dynamics Political philosophers = Quest for good government principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hollowing out thesis = Exaggeration of State autonomy loss Social institutions = Organizations contributing to governance at various levels Centers of power = Various sources that influence State authority Overlap in governance = Interlinking of State functions with non-state actors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Initial feminist views = 1970s and 1980s Renaissance of State concept = 1990s onwards Criticism of patriarchal State = Early feminist critiques Emergence of gender studies in politics = Post-1990s attention to the State</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Totalitarian regime = Complete government control over life Authoritarian regime = Limited political pluralism Democratic regime = Regular free and fair elections Theocratic regime = Rule based on religious principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>State's role in governance = Cooperation with diverse social institutions Patriarchal tool = State's function in perpetuating gender hierarchies Role of femocrats = State officials advocating for women's interests Welfare State significance = Providing social support and benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Classificatory ambition = Describing different regime types Normative ambition = Judging regimes based on moral standing Engagement with feminist theories = Critiquing patriarchal governance Historical analysis = Examining changes in State perceptions over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Condorcet = Advocated for women's right to citizenship Olympe de Gouges = Wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and Citizen Mary Wollstonecraft = Authored A Vindication of the Rights of Woman John Stuart Mill = Published The Subjection of Women</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nordic and Anglo-Saxon countries = Around the First World War Countries influenced by the Napoleonic Code = After the Second World War Emergence of feminist movements = Second half of the 19th century Wollstonecraft dilemma = 19th century political discourse</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>John Locke = Social contract theory favoring male dominance Jean-Jacques Rousseau = Views implying subordination of women St. Paul's Epistle = Advocates for women's subordination Feminist movements = Fight for gender equality</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Theories of the social contract = Implicit confinement of women in private sphere Historical movements for suffrage = Collective demands for political inclusion Paradoxical discourses = Entrapment in conflicting narratives Major historical events = Catalytic role in access to suffrage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Condorcet = De l'admission des femmes au droit de Cité Olympe de Gouges = Déclaration des droits de la femme et de la citoyenne Mary Wollstonecraft = A Vindication of the Rights of Woman John Stuart Mill = The Subjection of Women</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Independent workers / wage-earners cleavage = Division based on employment type Public sector / private sector cleavage = Difference in job sector affiliations 'Patrimony effect' = Influence of inherited wealth on voting behavior 'Winners' / 'losers' of globalization cleavage = Impact of globalization on voter preferences</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Economic approach to voting = Voters act to maximize their gains and minimize costs Issue voting model = Voting influenced by specific political issues Traditional gender gap = Women generally supporting conservative parties Modern gender gap = Women increasingly voting for left-wing parties</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Traditional gender gap = 1945-1970s Second age of gender gap = 1980s Modern gender gap = 1990s onwards Current electoral behavior = Post-industrial society</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Development of individualism = Shift towards personal choice in voting Crisis of partisan identities = Decreased loyalty to traditional parties Less predictable electoral behavior = Uncertainty in voting patterns Rational elector = Choosing based on self-interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Issue must be high for large segments = Widespread importance of the issue Distinct positions by candidates/parties = Clear differences in their policy proposals Responsive voters = Voters actively engaging with the issues Rarely met conditions = Challenges in achieving all criteria simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1945-1970s = Women less interested and often absent from voting 1980s = Women start aligning voting behavior with men Post-1990s = Women voting more for left-wing parties Current trends = Increased participation in politics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increasing individualism = Personal factors influencing votes Patrimony effect = Influence of family wealth on votes Crisis of partisan identities = Weakening of loyalty to political parties Globalization winners/losers = Differentiated preferences based on economic outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maximizing gains = Voters aim for favorable outcomes Minimizing costs = Avoiding unfavorable conditions in politics Political enterprises = Parties acting to gain votes Rational elector = Making informed decisions based on analyses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Political socialization = The processes of formation and transformation of political representations, opinions, and attitudes Political affiliation = The part played by family inheritance in structuring political opinions Inheritance = The passing down of political preferences from parents to children Socializing agents = Entities that influence individuals' political opinions and choices</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parents' interest in politics = Promotes stronger transmission of political preferences Homogeneity of parents' choices = Increases likelihood of children adopting similar political views Visibility of parents' choices = Affects the strength of political preference transmission Level of education = Plays a role in the context of political socialization</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Father's influence = 65% of students recognize this as important Mother's influence = 63% of students acknowledge this Inheritance rate = Approximately 2/3 of individuals inherit preferences Political choices = Not always determined exclusively by family</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Role of education = Influences the level of political knowledge and engagement Religious socialization = Affects the shaping of political values and beliefs Evolution of society = Contextualizes the way politics is viewed within families De-dramatization of politics = Can alter the perception of political engagement within families</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strong parental preferences = Leads to a clearer political identity in children Political engagement in parents = Typically leads to active political participation by children Diverse political views = May result in varied political opinions among siblings Family as a primary socializing agent = Holds significant weight in early political identity formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Universal citizenship model = A potentially biased abstraction based on male experiences Historical development of citizenship = Varies significantly between genders Masculine bias = The influence of male-centric perspectives on citizenship models Unequal legacy in political preferences = Inheritances that differ based on social context</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transmission of preferences = Not always automatic and can vary in effectiveness Influence of family = Recognized as a major factor in political identity construction Recognition of parental influence = Common acknowledgment among youth about their preferences Diverse socializing experiences = Contributes to differences in political opinions among individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strong visibility of choices = Can lead to more effective political preference transmission Weak interest in politics = May reduce children's engagement in political matters Contextual variation = Impacts the nature and degree of political inheritance High educational levels = Generally enhance awareness of political processes</p> Signup and view all the answers