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Questions and Answers
Which virus is NOT commonly associated with viral pneumonia?
What is the primary method for confirming a diagnosis of pneumonia?
Which factor can increase the risk of developing pneumonia?
What does a sputum culture specifically test for?
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Which practice is effective in preventing pneumonia?
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Which diagnostic test can help identify the underlying cause of pneumonia?
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Which of the following vaccines is recommended to prevent pneumonia?
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What is a common symptom of pneumonia?
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Which of the following treatments is known to increase the risk of developing pulmonary fibrosis?
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Pulmonary fibrosis is more prevalent in individuals compared to those who have never smoked. Which of the following conditions is primarily associated with pulmonary fibrosis?
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What is a characteristic feature of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
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Which occupation is associated with an increased risk of developing pulmonary fibrosis?
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What are the common symptoms of pneumonia?
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What is the primary bacterial cause of pneumonia?
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Which of the following viral agents is a common cause of viral pneumonia?
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Which of these symptoms is NOT typically associated with pneumonia?
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What is one of the primary effects of radiation therapy to the chest area?
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Which of the following is a major difference between community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)?
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Which type of pneumonia is specifically associated with individuals who are on mechanical ventilation?
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What common cause of pneumonia would most likely affect individuals with weakened immune systems?
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Which of the following statements about aspiration pneumonia is true?
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Which of the following can potentially lead to pulmonary complications such as pneumonia?
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What characterizes atypical pneumonia compared to other types?
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Which type of pneumonia is generally induced by exposure to harmful chemical irritants?
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Study Notes
Pneumonia
- Pneumonia is inflammation of the lungs, often caused by infection.
- The air sacs (alveoli) fill with pus, mucus, and fluid making breathing difficult.
- Pneumonia affects people of all ages, but is more common in infants, young children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems.
- Common symptoms include cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, rapid breathing, fever, sweating, fatigue, and headache.
Types of Pneumonia
- Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP): The most common type, acquired outside of a healthcare setting. Caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi.
- Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP): Acquired in a healthcare facility, often caused by bacteria.
- Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP): A type of HAP in those on mechanical ventilation, the risk increases with duration of ventilation.
- Aspiration pneumonia: Occurs when foreign matter (food, vomit) enters the lungs. Common in those with swallowing difficulties.
- Atypical pneumonia: Caused by atypical bacteria like Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila. Symptoms are usually milder than other types.
- Fungal pneumonia: Caused by fungal infections like Pneumocystis jirovecii and Aspergillus. More common in those with weakened immune systems.
- Viral pneumonia: Caused by viruses like influenza, RSV, and COVID-19.
Causes of Pneumonia
- Bacteria: Most common bacterial cause is Streptococcus pneumoniae. Others include Haemophilus influenzae, Legionella pneumophila, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
- Viruses: Influenza viruses, RSV, adenoviruses, and coronaviruses including COVID-19.
Diagnosis
- Medical history: Doctor asks about symptoms, past medical history, and risk factors.
- Physical Examination: Checks for fever, cough, rapid breathing, and listens to lung sounds.
- Chest X-ray: Shows areas of inflammation and consolidation in the lungs.
- Blood tests: Help identify the cause of infection (bacterial or viral). Measures severity of infection.
- Sputum culture: Tests phlegm for bacteria or fungi.
- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test: Identifies the genetic material of bacteria or viruses in sputum or blood.
- Bronchoscopy: A flexible tube with a camera is inserted into the lungs to collect tissue or fluid for testing.
Prevention
- Vaccination: Vaccines are available for Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and influenza viruses.
- Good hygiene: Regular handwashing, avoid close contact with the sick, cover mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.
- Quit smoking: Smoking damages lungs and weakens immune system, increasing pneumonia risk.
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Description
This quiz covers pneumonia, an inflammation of the lungs caused primarily by infections. You will learn about its common symptoms and different types, including community-acquired and hospital-acquired pneumonia. Test your knowledge on the characteristics and risks associated with each type of pneumonia.
