Plumbing Systems and Concepts Quiz
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Questions and Answers

In the absence of adequate ______, the compressed air will be forced to find its way out.

ventilation

Each fixture shall have its own ______.

trap

The trap seal being the weakest point, will give way and blow out of the ______.

fixture

Retardation of flow is caused by atmospheric ______ and or gravity.

<p>pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

The main soil and waste vent extends through the ______.

<p>roof</p> Signup and view all the answers

Capillary action is seldom experienced and is rarely a problem caused by foreign objects like ______.

<p>thread</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vent shall be 15 cm above the overflow line of each ______.

<p>fixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

No trap seal shall be placed more than 1.50 m horizontal developed length from its ______.

<p>vent</p> Signup and view all the answers

There are two kinds of forces: pressure and ______.

<p>suction</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Two-Line Drainage System is sometimes referred to as ______, which means: Drainage, Waste and Vent.

<p>DWV</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Sovent System functions to reduce positive and negative ______ in plumbing systems.

<p>pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

The new plumbing concept introduced is called the ______ System.

<p>Sovent</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Aerator scatters the effluent in drops or small ______ to mix with air.

<p>blobs</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Sovent System eliminated the need for the traditional ______ stack.

<p>vent</p> Signup and view all the answers

The installation of ______ piping is not necessary due to the efficiency of the Sovent System.

<p>vent</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fritz Sommer from ______ introduced the Sovent System.

<p>Switzerland</p> Signup and view all the answers

The traditional plumbing system used was known as One Line ______.

<p>Piping</p> Signup and view all the answers

A water seal of ______ mm high is considered safe against siphoning or back flow.

<p>50</p> Signup and view all the answers

The deaerator fittings work in combination with the ______ fitting to enable a single stack self-venting.

<p>aerator</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Sovent System was tested in a 10-storey drainage ______.

<p>tower</p> Signup and view all the answers

More than 100 tall buildings in Europe and ______ have adopted the Sovent System.

<p>Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

The effluent falling from the upper floors is diverted in the soil stack at each ______ floor.

<p>lower</p> Signup and view all the answers

A large amount of waste and sewage creates a slug-like ______ in the pipe.

<p>pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sanitary authorities realized the importance of ______ laws in plumbing.

<p>natural</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Common Seal P-Trap has a ______ centimeters deep water seal.

<p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Deep Seal P-Trap has a liquid column of ______ to 10 centimeters.

<p>7.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

The P-Trap prevents the back flow of ______ from the septic tank.

<p>gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

Common gases identified in the drainage system include hydrogen, methane, and ______.

<p>carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

A basic function of the trap is to prevent objectionable ______ from entering the plumbing system.

<p>gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fixtures supported on a pedestal include sinks and ______.

<p>lavatories</p> Signup and view all the answers

Extreme heat conditions may necessitate the use of a ______ Seal P-Trap.

<p>Deep</p> Signup and view all the answers

Common fixture types include sinks, shower baths, and ______.

<p>urinals</p> Signup and view all the answers

Spring water is nothing more than a very shallow ______ with water, taken from a water stratum composed of cervical limestone, sand or gravel.

<p>well</p> Signup and view all the answers

This type of water distribution, obtain its supply of water through a large intake pipe, installed in the ______.

<p>lake</p> Signup and view all the answers

Extreme precautions should be exercised in developing water intended for ______ and household use.

<p>drinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

The safety and quality of the water should not be impaired by ______ in the system.

<p>defects</p> Signup and view all the answers

Water is drawn from the lake, to a receiving well by the force of ______, passing through the filtration plant.

<p>gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Planning the water distribution in buildings for a satisfactory chemical and ______ quality includes several key elements.

<p>bacteriological</p> Signup and view all the answers

The water system should be tight against ______.

<p>leakage</p> Signup and view all the answers

Different types of individual well spring include dug wells, bored wells, driven wells, and ______ wells.

<p>drilled</p> Signup and view all the answers

The main and branches connection should not be submerged in surface ______.

<p>water</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tapping of water supply service requires the use of a corporation cock/stop, curb cock/stop, meter stop and water ______.

<p>meter</p> Signup and view all the answers

For indirect pressure distribution, a turbine ______ is employed mounted on top of the standpipe.

<p>pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

The CURB STOP/COCK is installed between the curb and the sidewalk line accessible to cast iron stop ______.

<p>box</p> Signup and view all the answers

The HOUSE SERVICE refers to the pipe connection from the public water main or any source of ______ to the building served.

<p>water</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ______ refers to the vertical supply pipe which extends upward from one floor to the next.

<p>riser</p> Signup and view all the answers

Branches are horizontal pipes that serve the faucets or ______.

<p>fixtures</p> Signup and view all the answers

The water service pipe is connected or tapped to the water ______ by personnel of the waterworks authority only.

<p>main</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is a P-trap?

A device that prevents the backflow of gases from the sewer or septic tank into the plumbing system.

What is the difference between a Common Seal and Deep Seal P-trap?

The depth of water in a P-trap determines its resistance to backflow.

What is a Common Seal P-trap?

A P-trap with a 5 centimeter water seal, offering basic resistance against gas backflow.

What is a Deep Seal P-trap?

A P-trap with 7.5 to 10 centimeters of water for stronger resistance to backflow.

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When are Deep Seal P-traps used?

Situations like extreme heat or poor ventilation can increase gas pressure.

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What are some common gases in sewage systems?

These are gases often found in sewage systems.

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Why are sewage gases dangerous?

These gases are harmful to human health, so it's important to prevent them from entering buildings.

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What is the role of the P-trap in a plumbing system?

The P-trap acts as a barrier against gas backflow, ensuring a healthy living environment.

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Weakest Point in Plumbing System

The weakest point in a plumbing system, often the trap seal, where compressed air escapes due to insufficient ventilation.

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Trap Seal Loss

The loss of water from a trap seal, leaving it vulnerable to sewer gases.

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Retardation of Flow

The slowing down of water flow in pipes caused by atmospheric pressure differences or gravity.

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Ventilation in Plumbing

A crucial part of a plumbing system's drainage pipe installation, designed to maintain balanced atmospheric pressure, preventing problems like trap seal loss.

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Main Soil and Waste Vent

The main vertical pipe in a plumbing system that connects to the highest fixture branch and extends through the roof.

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Individual Vent

A vent connected directly to a fixture's trap, preventing siphonage and ensuring proper drainage.

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Vent Distance from Trap Seal

The maximum horizontal distance between a trap seal and its vent, set by the National Plumbing Code.

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Vent Height Above Overflow Line

The height of a vent above the overflow line of a fixture, ensuring proper ventilation and preventing backflow.

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Wet Vent

A component of the vent system where liquid waste regularly travels. It acts like a channel for waste to flow while also venting out harmful gases.

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Sovent System

A system of piping that relies on a unique approach to ensure proper drainage flow and vent gases effectively in tall buildings.

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One Line Piping

The traditional method for plumbing in buildings, where a single pipe serves all fixtures.

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Back Flow

A situation where waste flows back upward into a fixture, often caused by improper venting or blockage in the pipe.

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Slug Flow

A phenomenon where a large quantity of waste discharged from upper floors forms a compact mass, pushing air down the pipe.

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Balance Atmospheric Pressure

The balance of atmospheric pressure inside a pipe to ensure proper waste flow and prevent backflow.

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Air Passages

The process of creating air pathways within a plumbing system to maintain the balance of atmospheric pressure.

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Two-Line Drainage System

The traditional approach to drainage utilizing two separate pipes for waste and vent gases, often replaced by the Sovent System.

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Double Line Drainage System

A plumbing system that uses two separate pipes for waste and vent lines.

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Why is venting not necessary in the Sovent system?

The Sovent System eliminates the need for vent pipes because it controls pressure changes.

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Aerator

A fitting installed on each floor in the Sovent System, aerating the waste to control pressure changes.

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Deaerator

A fitting at the base of a soil stack for the Sovent System, ensuring smooth flow and reducing pressure.

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How does Sovent system decrease pressure?

The Sovent System creates a rarefied mixture of air and liquid, reducing the pressure build-up in the drainage system.

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How is the Sovent System Self-venting?

The combination of aerators and deaerators make the Sovent System self-venting.

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Why is the Sovent System effective against backflow?

The Sovent System effectively eliminates the risk of backflow or siphoning due to pressure control.

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Why is the Sovent System considered efficient?

The Sovent System is an efficient plumbing system that is universally accepted as a reliable alternative.

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House Service

The pipe connecting the public water main or any source of water supply to a building.

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Riser

The vertical pipe that carries water upwards from one floor to the next.

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Branches

Horizontal pipes that connect to faucets or fixtures, providing water to individual points like sinks and showers.

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Water Main

The public water supply line, typically found underground along streets, where house service connections are made.

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Corporation Stop/Cock

A device used to shut off water supply to a building, located at the point where the service pipe connects to the water main.

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Curb Stop/Cock

A valve installed between the curb and the sidewalk, accessible via a cast iron box, used to control the water supply between the curb and the building.

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Meter Stop

A valve that controls the entire water supply to a building, located before the water meter.

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Water Meter

A device used to measure the amount of water consumed within a building.

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Direct Pressure Distribution

A type of water distribution system where water is directly pumped into the main pipeline with sufficient pressure for distribution.

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Water Supply and Sewage Line Separation

Sewage lines should be at least 3 meters away from water supply lines. If this is impossible, the sewer line needs to be encased in concrete to prevent contamination.

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Indirect Pressure Distribution

This type of water distribution relies on gravity to move water from the source to a receiving well.

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Spring Water

A shallow well that collects water from underground sources like limestone, sand, or gravel.

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Individual Well Types

Types of wells include dug, bored, driven, and drilled wells.

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Water Distribution in Buildings

Water distribution systems in buildings should ensure sufficient water supply, maintain water quality, and allow for easy repairs and flushing.

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Contamination Risk in Spring Water

Spring water might not be free from contamination. Impervious soil doesn't always guarantee protection from surface water contamination. Therefore, careful precautions are required for drinking and household use.

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Water Extraction and Distribution

The process of drawing water from a lake through a filtration plant and pumping it with sufficient pressure into the water main.

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Study Notes

Storm Drain System

  • Storm Drain: A plumbing system component that carries rainwater to suitable terminals. Storm water is typically discharged into gutters, public drains, and sent to terminals like canals, rivers, and lakes.

  • Storm Water Disposal: An important plumbing aspect. Improper handling can lead to structural issues like foundation erosion, basement leakage, and property damage.

  • General Rules: Storm drains shouldn't connect to septic tanks or main sewer lines.

  • Splash Pan: Collects water from downspouts, directing it away from the house at a slow rate.

Rainwater Systems

  • Materials: Downspouts can be made of cast iron, galvanized steel, brass, copper, lead, ABS, PVC, or other approved materials, depending on building height and location (interior vs. exterior). Low-rise buildings use galvanized sheet metal.

  • Roof Drains: Should have strainers with sufficient inlet area (1.5x outlet area for dome-type, 2x for flat surface, and watertight connections for drains going into buildings). High-rise buildings need stronger materials to withstand hydrostatic pressure.

Storm Drain Classification

  • Inside Storm Drain
  • Outside Storm Drain
  • Overhead Storm Drain

Water Seal P-Trap Classification

  • Common Seal P-Trap: Has a 5 cm water seal between the overflow and the dip. Offers resistance to normal conditions.

  • Deep Seal P-Trap: Has a 7.5-10 cm water seal, commonly used in areas with extreme conditions like large temperature fluctuations.

Ventilation and Drainage Systems

  • Trap: Prevents sewer gases from entering plumbing systems (hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, methane, carbon monoxide). Essential for human health.

  • P-Trap: Common, practical trap shape from 32mm to 50mm diameter, used in lavatories, sinks, shower baths, urinals, and drinking fountains.

National Plumbing Code on P-Trap Installation

  • Self-Cleaning: Traps must be capable of complete flushing each operation, preventing sediment buildup.

  • Proximity to Fixtures: Install P-traps as close as possible to fixtures without excessive vertical distance.

  • Short Vertical Legs: Minimize the vertical distance for improved water discharge and to reduce siphonage.

  • Accessibility: Traps should be relatively easy to access for cleaning.

  • Horizontal Pipes: Long horizontal runs are permitted, but should be as short as possible and connected properly.

  • Trap Connections: Overflow pipes from fixtures should connect to inlet of the trap, and each fixture should have its own trap (except for some exceptions like kitchen appliances, connected to the same trap).

Ventilation

  • Ventilation: Part of the drainage system that maintains balanced air pressure.

  • Preventing Problems: Prevents trap seal loss, retardation of flow, and material deterioration.

Types of Ventilation

  • Main Soil and Waste Vent: The main vent for the entire plumbing system, usually located above the highest fixture.

  • Main Vent: A vent line for smaller groups of fixtures.

  • Individual Vent: Connected directly to a fixture, usually below the overflow.

  • Unit Vent: Ventilates two or more fixture traps sharing a single vent, a design similar to back vents.

  • Circuit Vent: Used for multiple fixture traps discharging on a single horizontal branch.

  • Relief Vent: Ventilation for soil and waste pipes, and branches, not just fixture traps.

The Sovent System

  • Innovation: Newer type of water distribution system.

  • Advantages: More efficient, less cost for initial and maintenance, and suitable for high rise buildings.

  • Disadvantages: Susceptible to power loss issues.

Cold Water Supply

  • Water Sources: Rainwater, surface water from rivers and streams, and underground water (wells) are common sources.

  • Impurities: Entrained gases (like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrogen), dissolved minerals, and organic compounds.

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Storm Drain System PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on plumbing systems and concepts with this quiz. Focus on the key terms and principles related to drainage, waste, and vents. Perfect for plumbing students and professionals looking to reinforce their understanding of the subject.

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