Plumbing Regulations: Waste & Drainage (Sections 301-303)

• General regulations for plumbing cover waste disposal, drainage, and system installation

Waste Water Disposal (Section 301)

• Waste disposal is prohibited in any place

Horizontal Drainage Piping Grade (Section 302)

• The standard slope is 20mm per meter or 2%
• For pipes less than 102 mm in diameter the exception is smaller at 10mm per meter or 1%
• Exceptions to the standard slope include:
  • Excessive drainage line depth
  • Terrain features
  • Existing building arrangements

Changes in Drainage Flow Direction (Section 303)

• Acceptable bends for directional changes include 1/16 (22.5 degrees), 1/8 (45 degrees), and 1/6 (60 degrees) bends

Horizontal-to-Vertical Direction Change (Section 303.2)

• Acceptable fittings include:
  • Wye combination
  • Double sanitary tee
  • Sanitary tee
  • Combination wye and 1/8 bend

Horizontal-to-Horizontal Direction Change (Section 303.3)

• Acceptable fittings include:
  • 45 wye branch
  • Combination wye and 1/8 branch

Vertical-to-Horizontal Direction Change (Section 303.4)

• Acceptable fittings include:
  • 45 branches, long sweep 60, and offset
  • Combination wye and 1/8 branch

Piping System Connections (Section 304)

• All plumbing fixtures must connect properly to the drainage system

Sewer Requirements (Section 305)

• Building sewer connections to a public sewer are mandatory
• Septic tanks are required if a public sewer is unavailable (farther than 62 meters)

Damage to Drainage/Sewer Systems (Section 306)

• Depositing harmful substances into systems is prohibited
• Storm sewers are exclusive to rainwater
• Soil and waste pipes are for public or sanitary sewers
• Septic tanks for houses should be watertight

Industrial Waste (Section 307)

• Industrial waste must be treated and not discharged into the ground or waterways

System Location (Section 308)

• Plumbing systems are restricted to the building they serve

Improper Location (Section 309)

• Plumbing that interferes with normal operations is prohibited

Workmanship (Section 310)

• Installations should use accepted engineering practices
• Cracks, holes, and imperfections are not allowed
• Pipe and tubing ends must be "REAMED"

Prohibited Practices & Fittings (Section 311)

• Prohibited fittings for venting include double hub fittings, single or double tee branch, single or double tapped tee branch, side inlet quarter bends, running threads, and band or saddles
• Hubless pipes should not use neoprene gaskets
• Drainage or vents should not be drilled and tapped
• Cast iron soil pipes should not be threaded
• Waste connections to closet bends or stubs of water closets are prohibited
• Vent pipes shouldn't be used as soil or waste pipes, and vice versa
• Single drainage and venting systems must have a vent
• Piping connections that obstruct air, water, and sewage flow are prohibited
• Increasing closet bend or stub diameter from 72 mm to 102 mm is not considered an obstruction

Valves and Accessibility

• Gate and check valves must be accessible
• Valves, pipes, and fittings are to be installed according to flow direction

Independent System (Section 312)

• Independent connections to private or public sewers are required

Repairs and Alterations (Section 313)

• Notify administrators of necessary changes
• All drainage and vent system openings must be capped or plugged

Piping Protection (Section 314)

• Piping must be protected from breakage by embedded metal pipe sleeves
• Polyethylene sheaths protect from external corrosion
• Voids between pipes and sleeves should be sealed with bitumen
• Pipes cannot be directly embedded in concrete or masonry
• Structural members cannot be weakened
• Trenches deeper than footings and parallel to them must be at a 45-degree angle
• Zone of Effluence line at 45 degrees
• Building sewer installation should be 0.3 to 0.6 meters below the finish ground surface
• Pipes must be protected from corrosion, erosion, or mechanical damage by inside lining, outside coating, proper bedding, and top shielding with concrete blocks

Hangers and Supports (Section 315)

• Vertical piping should be supported at every storey for cast iron soil pipes, at every other storey height for screwed pipes, every storey at 3 meters on center for copper tubing, every storey at 1.2 meters for lead pipes, and 1 meter for plastic pipes

Horizontal Piping

• Horizontal piping must be supported at close intervals to maintain alignment and prevent sagging
• Cast iron soil pipes must be supported at every joint (1.5 meters) or 3 meters when exceeding 1.5 meters in length
• Hubless or compression gasket joints need support every other joint (0.45 meters for hub joints)
• Developed lengths exceeding 1.2 meters need support at each joint
• Each horizontal branch connection and suspended line needs support
• Screwed pipes should be supported at 3 meters for 19 mm and smaller, and at 3.6 meters for 25 mm and larger
• Copper tubing should be supported at 1.8 meters for 38 mm and smaller, and at 3 meters for 51 mm and larger
• Lead pipes should be supported along their entire length
• Piping in the ground should have firm bedding for the entire length or concrete cradle support
• Plastic tubes should be supported with stiff metal or wood backing for 38 mm and smaller and metal hangers for 51 mm and larger

Hangers and Anchorage

• Sufficient strength is required, and piping must be adequately anchored or supported.

Trenching, Excavation, and Backfill (Section 316)

• Tunnels must have a clear height of 0.60 meters above the pipe, minimum length should be 1/2 the depth of the trench, and maximum length not exceeding 2.4 meters
• Driven pipes must be at least one pipe size larger
• Open trenches should be backfilled in layers of 0.30 meters above the top of the pipe