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Pleural Effusion and Pleural Layers
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Pleural Effusion and Pleural Layers

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Questions and Answers

What is a potential cause of increased fluid entry into the pleural space due to increased microvascular pressure?

  • Radiation injury
  • Diaphragm paralysis
  • Hypoalbuminemia
  • Pulmonary embolism (correct)
  • Which of the following is a potential cause of decreased fluid exit from the pleural space due to intrinsic factors?

  • Atelectasis
  • Pleural malignancy
  • Pulmonary infarction
  • Hypothyroidism (correct)
  • What is a potential consequence of decreased plasma osmotic pressure on pleural fluid dynamics?

  • Decreased fluid entry into the pleural space
  • Increased fluid exit from the pleural space
  • No effect on pleural fluid dynamics
  • Increased fluid entry into the pleural space (correct)
  • Which of the following is an extrinsic factor that can inhibit lymphatic function and decrease fluid exit from the pleural space?

    <p>Diaphragm paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential effect of an isolated decrease in exit rate on pleural fluid dynamics, unless large and sustained?

    <p>Unlikely to cause a clinically significant effusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of increased permeability leading to increased fluid entry into the pleural space?

    <p>Inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the parietal and visceral pleura in terms of blood supply?

    <p>The parietal pleura receives blood from the systemic circulation, while the visceral pleura receives blood from the pulmonary circulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the lymphatic stomata in the parietal pleura?

    <p>To allow the exit of pleural fluid from the pleural space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical amount of fluid in the pleural space?

    <p>5-10 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the parietal pleura?

    <p>It contains sensory nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition in which there is a steady state in which there is a roughly equal rate of formation and absorption of liquid?

    <p>Normal pleural space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required to generate a pleural effusion?

    <p>An increase in the entry rate and/or a reduction in the exit rate of pleural fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of decreased lymphatic flow?

    <p>Increased systemic venous pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common indication for therapeutic thoracentesis?

    <p>Pleural effusions due to post-primary or reactivation tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication to thoracentesis?

    <p>Insufficient pleural fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of diagnostic thoracentesis?

    <p>To determine the nature of the effusion and identify potential causes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a complication of pleural effusions that may indicate therapeutic thoracentesis?

    <p>Pleural loculations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible outcome of mechanical compression of lymphatics?

    <p>Pleural effusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

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