Pleural Effusion Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a common cause of pneumonia?

  • Legionella pneumophila
  • Chlamydia pneumoniae
  • Influenza viruses
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (correct)

    • What is the typical incidence of pneumonia in the general population?

  • 1-3 per 1000 (correct)
  • 5-7 per 1000
  • 7-9 per 1000
  • 3-5 per 1000

    • Which of the following is a classification of pneumonia based on anatomical location?

  • Bronchopneumonia
  • Lobar pneumonia (correct)
  • Pneumococcal pneumonia
  • Atypical pneumonia

    • Which type of pneumonia develops more than 48 hours after hospital admission?

    <p>Ventilator-associated pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main symptom of pneumonia?

    <p>Shortness of breath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pneumonia occurs in ambulatory patients who are not hospitalized and have had extensive healthcare contact within the last 3 months?

    <p>Healthcare-associated pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pneumonia is the most common?

    <p>Community-acquired pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following invasive approaches should be considered if thoracoscopy is unavailable?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of Health care associated pneumonia (HCAP)?

    <p>Pneumonia that occurs in ambulatory patients who are not hospitalized and have had extensive healthcare contact within the last 3 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following refers to a milky white effusion high in triglycerides?

    <p>Chylous effusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of fluid that can accumulate in the pleural space?

    <p>Urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a relative contraindication for thoracentesis?

    <p>Patients on mechanical ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a clue to the common etiology of pleural effusion?

    <p>Distended neck veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of exudative pleural effusion?

    <p>Pleural fluid LDH more than two-thirds normal upper limit for serum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common bacterial cause of pneumonia?

    <p>Streptococcus pneumoniae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical incidence of pneumonia in the general population?

    <p>1-3 per 1000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of pneumonia?

    <p>Cough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following invasive procedures should be considered if thoracoscopy is unavailable?

    <p>CT-guided biopsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of Health care associated pneumonia (HCAP)?

    <p>Pneumonia that occurs in ambulatory patients who are not hospitalized and have had extensive healthcare contact within the last 3 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of exudative pleural effusion?

    <p>High protein content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for pneumonia?

    <p>Obstruction of bronchi from tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of red hepatization/early consolidation in pneumonia?

    <p>Firm liver-like consistency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of pneumonia in infants and the elderly?

    <p>Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a recommended therapy for inpatient non-ICU management of pneumonia?

    <p>Combination of beta-lactam/second or third-generation cephalosporin and a macrolide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most common cause of exudative pleural effusion?

    <p>Pulmonary embolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most sensitive and specific marker for tuberculosis in pleural fluid analysis?

    <p>PCR for mycobacterial DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the best screening test for pulmonary embolism in a patient with pleuritic chest pain, hemoptysis, or dyspnea?

    <p>D-dimer in the peripheral blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cell types in pleural fluid analysis indicates an acute process affecting the pleura?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common bacterial cause of pneumonia?

    <p>Streptococcus pneumoniae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical incidence of pneumonia in the general population?

    <p>0.1-0.3%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pneumonia develops more than 48 hours after hospital admission?

    <p>Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for pneumonia?

    <p>Malnutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of pneumonia?

    <p>Loss of appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical treatment for outpatient management of pneumonia?

    <p>Macrolides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a complication of pneumonia?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a contraindication for thoracentesis?

    <p>Active skin infection at the port of entry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common cause of exudative pleural effusion?

    <p>Congestive heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most sensitive and specific marker for tuberculosis in pleural fluid analysis?

    <p>PCR for mycobacterial DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the best screening test for pulmonary embolism in a patient with pleuritic chest pain, hemoptysis, or dyspnea?

    <p>D-dimer in the peripheral blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of pneumonia?

    <p>Haemophilus influenzae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a typical bacterial cause of pneumonia?

    <p>Staphylococcus aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of pneumonia?

    <p>Cough with sputum production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential alternative invasive approach if thoracoscopy is unavailable for diagnosing pleural effusion?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of patients with exudative effusions for whom no known etiology is found?

    <p>15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following definitions best describes Health care associated pneumonia (HCAP)?

    <p>Pneumonia that occurs in ambulatory patients who are not hospitalized and have had extensive healthcare contact within the last 3 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of exudative effusions in patients who do not respond to conservative treatment?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential alternative invasive approach if thoracoscopy is unavailable?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of patients do not have a diagnosed cause for their condition despite invasive procedures?

    <p>15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of fluid that can accumulate in the pleural space?

    <p>Lymph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common cause of exudative pleural effusion?

    <p>Pulmonary embolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cell types in pleural fluid analysis indicates an acute process affecting the pleura?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the best screening test for pulmonary embolism in a patient with pleuritic chest pain, hemoptysis, or dyspnea?

    <p>D-dimer test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common predisposing condition for pneumonia?

    <p>Cigarette smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of grey hepatization/late consolidation in pneumonia?

    <p>Microscopically marked cellular exudate of neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first choice therapy for outpatient management of pneumonia?

    <p>Macrolides, such as azithromycin and clarithromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a complication of pneumonia?

    <p>Pleural Effusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following invasive procedures is recommended if thoracoscopy is unavailable?

    <p>Both needle biopsy and open biopsy of the pleura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of patients with exudative effusions have no known etiology?

    <p>15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of chylous effusion?

    <p>Milky white effusion high in triglycerides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common bacterial cause of pneumonia?

    <p>Streptococcus pneumoniae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical incidence of pneumonia in the general population?

    <p>1-3 per 1000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of pneumonia?

    <p>Cough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of exudative effusions in patients who do not respond to conservative treatment?

    <p>A. Cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following invasive approaches should be considered if thoracoscopy is unavailable?

    <p>A. Needle biopsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of patients with exudative effusions for whom no known etiology is found?

    <p>A. 15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of pneumonia?

    <p>Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common predisposing condition for pneumonia?

    <p>Obstruction of bronchi from tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of red hepatization/early consolidation in pneumonia?

    <p>Fibrin strands replace the edema fluid of the previous phase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential complication of pneumonia?

    <p>Atrial Fibrillation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is NOT a potential cause of pleural effusion?

    <p>Myxedema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of chylothorax?

    <p>Pancreatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of pyothorax or empyema?

    <p>Urinary tract infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of urinothorax?

    <p>Urinary tract infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pneumonia

    • A common cause of pneumonia is Streptococcus pneumoniae.
    • Typical incidence of pneumonia in the general population is 5-6 cases per 1,000 people per year.
    • Main symptom of pneumonia is cough.

    Classification of Pneumonia

    • Classification of pneumonia based on anatomical location: community-acquired pneumonia, hospital-acquired pneumonia, and healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP).
    • HCAP develops more than 48 hours after hospital admission.

    Types of Pneumonia

    • Community-acquired pneumonia: occurs in ambulatory patients who are not hospitalized and have not had extensive healthcare contact within the last 3 months.
    • Hospital-acquired pneumonia: develops more than 48 hours after hospital admission.

    Pleural Effusion

    • Definition of exudative pleural effusion: high protein content and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, and low glucose levels.
    • Characteristics of exudative pleural effusion: high protein content, high LDH levels, and low glucose levels.
    • Typical cause of exudative pleural effusion: bacterial infection.
    • Chylous effusion: milky white effusion high in triglycerides.

    Diagnosis and Treatment

    • Thoracentesis: a relative contraindication is bleeding diathesis.
    • Invasive approach if thoracoscopy is unavailable: ultrasound-guided thoracentesis or CT-guided thoracentesis.
    • Recommended therapy for inpatient non-ICU management of pneumonia: macrolides, fluoroquinolones, or beta-lactam antibiotics.
    • First choice therapy for outpatient management of pneumonia: macrolides or fluoroquinolones.

    Complications

    • Complications of pneumonia: respiratory failure, sepsis, and empyema.
    • Potential cause of exudative effusions in patients who do not respond to conservative treatment: malignancy or tuberculosis.

    Miscellaneous

    • Approximate percentage of patients with exudative effusions for whom no known etiology is found: 20%.
    • Typical bacterial cause of pneumonia: Streptococcus pneumoniae.
    • Common symptom of pneumonia: cough.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on pleural effusion and its various types of fluid accumulation. Learn about the causes, symptoms, and evaluation of this condition through this informative quiz.

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