Pleural Diseases and Pulmonary Embolism Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which membrane lines the pleural cavity and produces a sterile serous fluid?

  • Visceral pleura
  • Parietal pleura
  • Mesothelium (correct)
  • Pleural neoplasms

What is the potential space between the visceral and parietal pleura called?

  • Pneumothorax
  • Pleural effusions
  • Pleural cavity (correct)
  • Empyema

Which condition is characterized by the presence of pus in the pleural cavity?

  • Haemothorax
  • Empyema (correct)
  • Pleural effusions
  • Pneumothorax

Which condition is characterized by the presence of blood in the pleural cavity?

<p>Haemothorax (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is characterized by the presence of air in the pleural cavity?

<p>Pneumothorax (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism involved in pleural effusion?

<p>Decreased vascular permeability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pleural effusion is characterized by the presence of high protein and LDH levels in the pleural fluid?

<p>Exudative (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition can lead to pleural effusion through the mechanism of decreased plasma oncotic pressure?

<p>Cirrhosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism is responsible for pleural effusion in cancer?

<p>Lymphatic obstruction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanisms are primarily responsible for the development of exudative pleural effusion in pneumonia?

<p>Inflammation and increased capillary permeability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of primary spontaneous pneumothorax?

<p>More common in males than females (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between open pneumothorax and tension pneumothorax?

<p>In open pneumothorax, air can exit the pleural cavity but cannot exit in tension pneumothorax (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial management for tension pneumothorax?

<p>Immediate needle decompression with a simple hypodermic needle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the recommended site for needle decompression in tension pneumothorax?

<p>2nd intercostal space (ICS), midclavicular line (MCL) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What confirms the diagnosis of tension pneumothorax during needle decompression?

<p>Gush of air (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pneumothorax is more severe, presents with sudden onset of breathlessness, and is associated with underlying lung diseases?

<p>Spontaneous secondary pneumothorax (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pneumothorax is caused by blunt trauma to the chest?

<p>Traumatic pneumothorax (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In open pneumothorax, there is a tear in the pleura that establishes a connection between the pleural cavity and the:

<p>Outside environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tension pneumothorax occurs when:

<p>There is a tear in the pleura that acts as a one-way valve, allowing air to enter but not exit during expiration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common cause of hemothorax?

<p>Blunt chest trauma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do microorganisms gain entry into the pleural cavity in cases of empyema?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of hemothorax?

<p>Pleuritic chest pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following microorganisms are involved in empyema?

<p>E. coli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which finding is consistent with a normal respiratory examination?

<p>Resonant percussion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which finding is associated with pleural effusion?

<p>Reduced air entry during auscultation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which finding is consistent with pneumothorax?

<p>Reduced air entry during auscultation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient shows hyper resonant percussion and decreased chest expansion on examination. Which condition is the most probable cause?

<p>Pneumothorax (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common cause of pulmonary embolism?

<p>Thrombus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing venous thromboembolism (VTE)?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

<p>Swelling, redness, and pain of the affected leg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a benign pleural neoplasm?

<p>Mesothelioma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common site of origin for metastatic pleural neoplasms?

<p>Lungs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with exposure to asbestos?

<p>Mesothelioma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE)?

<p>Oral contraceptives (OCP) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is most commonly associated with acute massive pulmonary embolism?

<p>Syncope (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sign is typically observed in patients with acute small or medium pulmonary embolism?

<p>Fever (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two important consequences of pulmonary arterial occlusion?

<p>Hemodynamic compromise and respiratory compromise (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential outcome of a massive pulmonary embolism or chronic pulmonary embolism?

<p>Pulmonary hypotension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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