38 Questions
Which membrane lines the pleural cavity and produces a sterile serous fluid?
Mesothelium
What is the potential space between the visceral and parietal pleura called?
Pleural cavity
Which condition is characterized by the presence of pus in the pleural cavity?
Empyema
Which condition is characterized by the presence of blood in the pleural cavity?
Haemothorax
Which of the following conditions is characterized by the presence of air in the pleural cavity?
Pneumothorax
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism involved in pleural effusion?
Decreased vascular permeability
Which type of pleural effusion is characterized by the presence of high protein and LDH levels in the pleural fluid?
Exudative
Which condition can lead to pleural effusion through the mechanism of decreased plasma oncotic pressure?
Cirrhosis
Which mechanism is responsible for pleural effusion in cancer?
Lymphatic obstruction
Which mechanisms are primarily responsible for the development of exudative pleural effusion in pneumonia?
Inflammation and increased capillary permeability
Which of the following is a characteristic of primary spontaneous pneumothorax?
More common in males than females
What is the main difference between open pneumothorax and tension pneumothorax?
In open pneumothorax, air can exit the pleural cavity but cannot exit in tension pneumothorax
What is the initial management for tension pneumothorax?
Immediate needle decompression with a simple hypodermic needle
Where is the recommended site for needle decompression in tension pneumothorax?
2nd intercostal space (ICS), midclavicular line (MCL)
What confirms the diagnosis of tension pneumothorax during needle decompression?
Gush of air
Which type of pneumothorax is more severe, presents with sudden onset of breathlessness, and is associated with underlying lung diseases?
Spontaneous secondary pneumothorax
Which type of pneumothorax is caused by blunt trauma to the chest?
Traumatic pneumothorax
In open pneumothorax, there is a tear in the pleura that establishes a connection between the pleural cavity and the:
Outside environment
Tension pneumothorax occurs when:
There is a tear in the pleura that acts as a one-way valve, allowing air to enter but not exit during expiration.
Which of the following is the most common cause of hemothorax?
Blunt chest trauma
How do microorganisms gain entry into the pleural cavity in cases of empyema?
All of the above
Which of the following is a symptom of hemothorax?
Pleuritic chest pain
Which of the following microorganisms are involved in empyema?
E. coli
Which finding is consistent with a normal respiratory examination?
Resonant percussion
Which finding is associated with pleural effusion?
Reduced air entry during auscultation
Which finding is consistent with pneumothorax?
Reduced air entry during auscultation
A patient shows hyper resonant percussion and decreased chest expansion on examination. Which condition is the most probable cause?
Pneumothorax
Which of the following is the most common cause of pulmonary embolism?
Thrombus
Which of the following is a risk factor for developing venous thromboembolism (VTE)?
All of the above
Which of the following is a symptom of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
Swelling, redness, and pain of the affected leg
Which of the following is NOT a benign pleural neoplasm?
Mesothelioma
What are the common site of origin for metastatic pleural neoplasms?
Lungs
Which condition is associated with exposure to asbestos?
Mesothelioma
Which of the following medications is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE)?
Oral contraceptives (OCP)
Which symptom is most commonly associated with acute massive pulmonary embolism?
Syncope
Which sign is typically observed in patients with acute small or medium pulmonary embolism?
Fever
What are the two important consequences of pulmonary arterial occlusion?
Hemodynamic compromise and respiratory compromise
What is a potential outcome of a massive pulmonary embolism or chronic pulmonary embolism?
Pulmonary hypotension
Test your knowledge on pleural diseases and pulmonary embolism with this quiz! Learn about pleural effusions, pneumothorax, empyema, haemothorax, and pleural neoplasms.
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