Questions and Answers
What primarily distinguishes serum from plasma?
Which component of plasma is crucial for maintaining colloidal osmotic pressure?
Which blood group plasma is considered the most universally accepted?
What is the primary purpose of centrifugation during plasma extraction?
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Which of the following statements about plasma is incorrect?
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What is the main reason for freezing collected plasma within 24 hours?
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What percentage of plasma is made up of solids?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of plasma?
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Which processing method is used to separate plasma from whole blood?
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What is the specific gravity range of plasma?
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Study Notes
Plasma Overview
- Plasma, the light-yellowish liquid component of blood, constitutes approximately 55% of total blood volume.
- Unlike serum, plasma contains fibrinogen and is crucial for clotting.
- Comprises 91-92% water and 8-9% solids, which include proteins, electrolytes, and immunoglobulins.
Plasma Composition
- Coagulants: Fibrinogen facilitates blood clotting.
- Plasma Proteins: Albumin and globulin maintain colloidal osmotic pressure at about 25 mmHg.
- Electrolytes: Sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, chloride, and calcium help regulate blood pH.
- Immunoglobulins: Critical for fighting infections; contain small amounts of hormones, enzymes, and vitamins.
Extraction and Safety
- Plasma is separated from whole blood via centrifugation, where it forms the top layer.
- Must be frozen within 24 hours to preserve clotting factors and immunoglobulins; shelf life is up to 1 year.
- AB blood group plasma is optimal for transfusions due to the absence of antibodies, making it universally acceptable.
- The FDA mandates tests for transmissible diseases, including hepatitis and HIV, before use.
Cellular Properties
- Specific gravity of plasma ranges from 1.022 to 1.026, while total blood ranges from 1.052 to 1.061.
- Major plasma products: Fresh-frozen plasma (FFP), plasma frozen within 24 hours (FP24), cryoprecipitate-poor plasma (CPP), and thawed plasma, each differing in clotting factors.
Plasma Protein Development
- Embryonic Stage: Mesenchymal cells produce plasma proteins, starting with albumin and subsequently globulin.
- Adult Stage: Plasma proteins are synthesized primarily in the liver, with contributions from bone marrow, spleen, and other tissues.
Functional Roles of Plasma
- Coagulation: Fibrinogen and procoagulants are essential for blood clotting.
- Defense: Immunoglobulins in plasma provide protection against pathogens.
- Osmotic Pressure Maintenance: Plasma proteins regulate osmotic pressure crucial for fluid balance.
- Nutrient Transport: Carries nutrients from the digestive tract to various body tissues.
- Gas Exchange: Transports oxygen to organs and removes carbon dioxide from the body.
- Excretion: Facilitates the removal of nitrogenous wastes via kidneys, lungs, and skin.
- Hormone Transport: Transfers hormones to their target organs.
- Acid-Base Regulation: Plasma proteins help maintain acid-base equilibrium through buffering.
- Temperature Regulation: Involved in heat balance in the body.
- ESR Role: Fibrinogen's role in inflammation affects erythrocyte sedimentation rate, useful in diagnostics.
Plasma Overview
- Plasma, the light-yellowish liquid component of blood, constitutes approximately 55% of total blood volume.
- Unlike serum, plasma contains fibrinogen and is crucial for clotting.
- Comprises 91-92% water and 8-9% solids, which include proteins, electrolytes, and immunoglobulins.
Plasma Composition
- Coagulants: Fibrinogen facilitates blood clotting.
- Plasma Proteins: Albumin and globulin maintain colloidal osmotic pressure at about 25 mmHg.
- Electrolytes: Sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, chloride, and calcium help regulate blood pH.
- Immunoglobulins: Critical for fighting infections; contain small amounts of hormones, enzymes, and vitamins.
Extraction and Safety
- Plasma is separated from whole blood via centrifugation, where it forms the top layer.
- Must be frozen within 24 hours to preserve clotting factors and immunoglobulins; shelf life is up to 1 year.
- AB blood group plasma is optimal for transfusions due to the absence of antibodies, making it universally acceptable.
- The FDA mandates tests for transmissible diseases, including hepatitis and HIV, before use.
Cellular Properties
- Specific gravity of plasma ranges from 1.022 to 1.026, while total blood ranges from 1.052 to 1.061.
- Major plasma products: Fresh-frozen plasma (FFP), plasma frozen within 24 hours (FP24), cryoprecipitate-poor plasma (CPP), and thawed plasma, each differing in clotting factors.
Plasma Protein Development
- Embryonic Stage: Mesenchymal cells produce plasma proteins, starting with albumin and subsequently globulin.
- Adult Stage: Plasma proteins are synthesized primarily in the liver, with contributions from bone marrow, spleen, and other tissues.
Functional Roles of Plasma
- Coagulation: Fibrinogen and procoagulants are essential for blood clotting.
- Defense: Immunoglobulins in plasma provide protection against pathogens.
- Osmotic Pressure Maintenance: Plasma proteins regulate osmotic pressure crucial for fluid balance.
- Nutrient Transport: Carries nutrients from the digestive tract to various body tissues.
- Gas Exchange: Transports oxygen to organs and removes carbon dioxide from the body.
- Excretion: Facilitates the removal of nitrogenous wastes via kidneys, lungs, and skin.
- Hormone Transport: Transfers hormones to their target organs.
- Acid-Base Regulation: Plasma proteins help maintain acid-base equilibrium through buffering.
- Temperature Regulation: Involved in heat balance in the body.
- ESR Role: Fibrinogen's role in inflammation affects erythrocyte sedimentation rate, useful in diagnostics.
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Description
Explore the essential components of plasma, the liquid part of blood that plays a vital role in clotting and maintaining osmotic pressure. This quiz covers topics such as the types of proteins, electrolytes, and the process of plasma extraction. Understand the importance of plasma in transfusions and its properties.
