Plant Tissues Quiz

Introduction

• Permanent tissues are mature tissues that have ceased to divide and have a specific function
• They are formed from meristematic tissues
• Permanent tissues are classified into simple tissues and complex tissues

Simple Permanent Tissues

• Composed of cells that are similar in structure and function
• The three main types are: parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma

Parenchyma

• Composed of living cells that are thin-walled, isodiametric, and loosely packed
• Function in storage, photosynthesis, secretion, and support
• Characterized by large intercellular spaces
• Locations include leaves, stems, roots, and fruits

Collenchyma

• Composed of living cells with unevenly thickened primary walls
• Provides flexible support to growing parts of the plant
• Found in stems, petioles, and veins of leaves
• Cells are elongated and have thick walls in corners

Sclerenchyma

• Composed of dead cells with thick, lignified secondary walls
• Provides strong support to the plant
• Found in hard parts of plants such as stems, nutshells, and seed coats
• Two types: sclereids and fibers

Complex Permanent Tissues

• Composed of different types of cells that work together to perform a specific function
• The main types are xylem and phloem

Xylem

• Transports water and minerals from roots to other parts of the plant
• Composed of tracheids, vessel elements, xylem parenchyma, and xylem fibers
• Tracheids and vessel elements are dead cells with lignified walls
• Xylem fibers provide support

Phloem

• Transports food (sugars) from leaves to other parts of the plant
• Composed of sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem parenchyma, and phloem fibers
• Sieve tubes are living cells with sieve plates
• Companion cells are closely associated with sieve tubes and support their function