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Questions and Answers
What was the significant discovery that boosted the growth of plant tissues on synthetic media?
What was the outcome of using a relatively high level of auxin to kinetin in plant tissue culture?
Which of the following was NOT used as a natural supplement in plant tissue culture?
What was the result of using adenine, kinetin, and high levels of phosphate in nutrient media during the 1950s?
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What is the most widely used nutrient media composition in plant tissue cultures?
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What is the unique characteristic of plant cells that enables plant tissue culture?
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Who is credited with pioneering the field of plant tissue culture?
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What was the primary goal of Gottlieb Haberlandt's work on plant tissue culture?
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What was the outcome of Gottlieb Haberlandt's predictions about plant tissue culture?
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What is the significance of plant tissue culture in modern research and applications?
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Study Notes
What is Plant Tissue Culture?
- Plant tissue culture (PTC) is the cultivation of undifferentiated plant cells, tissues, or organs on synthetic media under aseptic environment and suitable controlled physical conditions.
Importance of Plant Tissue Culture
- PTC is an important tool for both basic research and commercial applications.
Totipotency
- Totipotency is the ability of a vegetative cell to divide and differentiate into any type of specialized cell or to regenerate into a whole plant.
- This unique characteristic of plant cells is the basis of plant tissue culture.
Historical Perspective
- In the 19th century, Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden recognized the cell as the basic unit of life with the capacity to divide and grow.
- Gottlieb Haberlandt, a German botanist, pioneered the field of PTC with his idea to achieve continuous cell divisions in plant cells on nutrient media.
- Haberlandt laid down several principles of plant tissue culture in 1902, including the capability of plant cells to resume uninterrupted growth and regenerate embryos from vegetative cells.
- He is regarded as the 'Father of Plant Tissue Culture'.
Development of PTC
- During the 1902-1930s, several attempts were made to culture isolated plant tissues, like root or shoot tips, and continuously growing plant cell cultures were established.
- The discovery of vitamins and natural auxins as necessary for the growth of plant tissues on synthetic media boosted PTC.
- In the 1940-70s, extensive studies were conducted to improve existing techniques and develop new methods to optimize nutrient media components for culturing plant tissues.
- Coconut water and other natural supplements were used to develop callus culture of several species.
- Adenine, kinetin, and high levels of phosphate were used in nutrient media to initiate cultures from non-meristematic tissues and produce shoots or roots.
- The balance of auxins and kinetin was found to influence the morphogenic fate of cultured cells.
Modern Developments
- An artificial culture medium developed by Murashige and Skoog (MS) in 1962 was successful for culturing plants and resulted in the initiation of tissue culture from a large number of plant species.
- MS media composition is the most widely used nutrient media in plant tissue cultures.
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Description
This quiz covers plant tissue culture, its principles, and applications in research and commerce. It explores the concept of totipotency and its relation to plant cell cultivation.
