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Questions and Answers
What was the significant discovery that boosted the growth of plant tissues on synthetic media?
What was the significant discovery that boosted the growth of plant tissues on synthetic media?
What was the outcome of using a relatively high level of auxin to kinetin in plant tissue culture?
What was the outcome of using a relatively high level of auxin to kinetin in plant tissue culture?
Which of the following was NOT used as a natural supplement in plant tissue culture?
Which of the following was NOT used as a natural supplement in plant tissue culture?
What was the result of using adenine, kinetin, and high levels of phosphate in nutrient media during the 1950s?
What was the result of using adenine, kinetin, and high levels of phosphate in nutrient media during the 1950s?
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What is the most widely used nutrient media composition in plant tissue cultures?
What is the most widely used nutrient media composition in plant tissue cultures?
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What is the unique characteristic of plant cells that enables plant tissue culture?
What is the unique characteristic of plant cells that enables plant tissue culture?
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Who is credited with pioneering the field of plant tissue culture?
Who is credited with pioneering the field of plant tissue culture?
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What was the primary goal of Gottlieb Haberlandt's work on plant tissue culture?
What was the primary goal of Gottlieb Haberlandt's work on plant tissue culture?
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What was the outcome of Gottlieb Haberlandt's predictions about plant tissue culture?
What was the outcome of Gottlieb Haberlandt's predictions about plant tissue culture?
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What is the significance of plant tissue culture in modern research and applications?
What is the significance of plant tissue culture in modern research and applications?
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Study Notes
What is Plant Tissue Culture?
- Plant tissue culture (PTC) is the cultivation of undifferentiated plant cells, tissues, or organs on synthetic media under aseptic environment and suitable controlled physical conditions.
Importance of Plant Tissue Culture
- PTC is an important tool for both basic research and commercial applications.
Totipotency
- Totipotency is the ability of a vegetative cell to divide and differentiate into any type of specialized cell or to regenerate into a whole plant.
- This unique characteristic of plant cells is the basis of plant tissue culture.
Historical Perspective
- In the 19th century, Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden recognized the cell as the basic unit of life with the capacity to divide and grow.
- Gottlieb Haberlandt, a German botanist, pioneered the field of PTC with his idea to achieve continuous cell divisions in plant cells on nutrient media.
- Haberlandt laid down several principles of plant tissue culture in 1902, including the capability of plant cells to resume uninterrupted growth and regenerate embryos from vegetative cells.
- He is regarded as the 'Father of Plant Tissue Culture'.
Development of PTC
- During the 1902-1930s, several attempts were made to culture isolated plant tissues, like root or shoot tips, and continuously growing plant cell cultures were established.
- The discovery of vitamins and natural auxins as necessary for the growth of plant tissues on synthetic media boosted PTC.
- In the 1940-70s, extensive studies were conducted to improve existing techniques and develop new methods to optimize nutrient media components for culturing plant tissues.
- Coconut water and other natural supplements were used to develop callus culture of several species.
- Adenine, kinetin, and high levels of phosphate were used in nutrient media to initiate cultures from non-meristematic tissues and produce shoots or roots.
- The balance of auxins and kinetin was found to influence the morphogenic fate of cultured cells.
Modern Developments
- An artificial culture medium developed by Murashige and Skoog (MS) in 1962 was successful for culturing plants and resulted in the initiation of tissue culture from a large number of plant species.
- MS media composition is the most widely used nutrient media in plant tissue cultures.
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Description
This quiz covers plant tissue culture, its principles, and applications in research and commerce. It explores the concept of totipotency and its relation to plant cell cultivation.
