Podcast
Questions and Answers
Ephedra may be pollinated by ______ rather than wind.
Ephedra may be pollinated by ______ rather than wind.
beetles
Ephedrine, derived from Ephedra, is used in medicine as a potent ______.
Ephedrine, derived from Ephedra, is used in medicine as a potent ______.
decongestant
The single surviving species of ginkgophyte is the ______ biloba.
The single surviving species of ginkgophyte is the ______ biloba.
Ginkgo
The leaves of Ginkgo biloba turn ______ in autumn.
The leaves of Ginkgo biloba turn ______ in autumn.
Signup and view all the answers
Only male trees of Ginkgo biloba are typically planted because female trees produce seeds with a smell of ______.
Only male trees of Ginkgo biloba are typically planted because female trees produce seeds with a smell of ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The root system anchors the plant and absorbs water and ______ from the soil.
The root system anchors the plant and absorbs water and ______ from the soil.
Signup and view all the answers
Primary roots are the first roots to develop from a ______.
Primary roots are the first roots to develop from a ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Secondary roots branch off from primary roots and grow outward and ______.
Secondary roots branch off from primary roots and grow outward and ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Root hairs are tiny projections that help absorb ______ and nutrients from the soil.
Root hairs are tiny projections that help absorb ______ and nutrients from the soil.
Signup and view all the answers
Meristematic tissues consist of cells that are found in ______, regions of continuous cell division.
Meristematic tissues consist of cells that are found in ______, regions of continuous cell division.
Signup and view all the answers
Apical meristems enable a plant to extend in ______.
Apical meristems enable a plant to extend in ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Lateral meristems facilitate growth in thickness or ______ in a maturing plant.
Lateral meristems facilitate growth in thickness or ______ in a maturing plant.
Signup and view all the answers
Intercalary meristems occur only in ______, at the bases of leaf blades.
Intercalary meristems occur only in ______, at the bases of leaf blades.
Signup and view all the answers
Dermal tissue is a simple tissue that covers the outer surface of the plant and controls gas ______.
Dermal tissue is a simple tissue that covers the outer surface of the plant and controls gas ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The stem region between two nodes is called an ______.
The stem region between two nodes is called an ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Leaves are attached to the plant stem at areas called ______.
Leaves are attached to the plant stem at areas called ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The stalk that connects the leaf to the stem is called a ______.
The stalk that connects the leaf to the stem is called a ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The _______ contains the apical meristem within the apical bud.
The _______ contains the apical meristem within the apical bud.
Signup and view all the answers
Axillary buds are typically found in the _______, the area between the base of a leaf and the stem.
Axillary buds are typically found in the _______, the area between the base of a leaf and the stem.
Signup and view all the answers
Plants help to transport absorbed water and minerals to different parts of the plant through their ______.
Plants help to transport absorbed water and minerals to different parts of the plant through their ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Guard cells in a plant’s epidermis control the opening and closing of little holes called ______.
Guard cells in a plant’s epidermis control the opening and closing of little holes called ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The shoot system generally grows above the ______
The shoot system generally grows above the ______
Signup and view all the answers
The main site of photosynthesis is the ______
The main site of photosynthesis is the ______
Signup and view all the answers
Xylem transports water and nutrients from the ______ to the leaves
Xylem transports water and nutrients from the ______ to the leaves
Signup and view all the answers
The ______ system absorbs water and nutrients from the soil
The ______ system absorbs water and nutrients from the soil
Signup and view all the answers
Meristems are regions of ______ cells that are responsible for plant growth
Meristems are regions of ______ cells that are responsible for plant growth
Signup and view all the answers
The vegetative parts of the shoot system include the ______ and the stems
The vegetative parts of the shoot system include the ______ and the stems
Signup and view all the answers
The two types of vascular tissue are xylem and ______
The two types of vascular tissue are xylem and ______
Signup and view all the answers
______ are undeveloped shoots that can give rise to new stems, leaves, or flowers
______ are undeveloped shoots that can give rise to new stems, leaves, or flowers
Signup and view all the answers
The dermal tissue of the stem primarily consists of ______, a single layer of cells covering and protecting the underlying tissue.
The dermal tissue of the stem primarily consists of ______, a single layer of cells covering and protecting the underlying tissue.
Signup and view all the answers
Woody plants have a tough, waterproof outer layer of cork cells commonly known as ______.
Woody plants have a tough, waterproof outer layer of cork cells commonly known as ______.
Signup and view all the answers
All plant cells have primary cell walls made of ______.
All plant cells have primary cell walls made of ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The openings in the epidermis of a leaf, known as ______, allow for gas exchange.
The openings in the epidermis of a leaf, known as ______, allow for gas exchange.
Signup and view all the answers
Two cells, known as ______ cells, surround each leaf stoma, controlling its opening and closing.
Two cells, known as ______ cells, surround each leaf stoma, controlling its opening and closing.
Signup and view all the answers
Annuals or biennials, which survive just one or two growing seasons, are typically ______ plants.
Annuals or biennials, which survive just one or two growing seasons, are typically ______ plants.
Signup and view all the answers
Plants that live year after year are called ______.
Plants that live year after year are called ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Phloem tissue is composed of sieve-tube cells, companion cells, phloem parenchyma, and phloem ______.
Phloem tissue is composed of sieve-tube cells, companion cells, phloem parenchyma, and phloem ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Modern gymnosperms are classified into four major divisions, including ______, Cycadophyta, and Ginkgophyta.
Modern gymnosperms are classified into four major divisions, including ______, Cycadophyta, and Ginkgophyta.
Signup and view all the answers
True club mosses belong to the division ______.
True club mosses belong to the division ______.
Signup and view all the answers
______ are characterized by single, slender stems tipped with a spike-like cone.
______ are characterized by single, slender stems tipped with a spike-like cone.
Signup and view all the answers
Water ferns are aquatic relatives of ______.
Water ferns are aquatic relatives of ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The dominant phylum of gymnosperms is ______.
The dominant phylum of gymnosperms is ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The thin shape of coniferous ______ limits water loss through transpiration.
The thin shape of coniferous ______ limits water loss through transpiration.
Signup and view all the answers
The most diverse group of seedless vascular plants is ______.
The most diverse group of seedless vascular plants is ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Ferns are considered the most ______ seedless vascular plant.
Ferns are considered the most ______ seedless vascular plant.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Plant Organ Systems
- Plants, similar to animals, have tissues that work together to form organs.
- These organs then combine to form organ systems.
- Vascular plants have two main organ systems: shoot and root.
Shoot System
- Primarily grows above ground.
- Absorbs light for photosynthesis.
- Composed of stems, leaves, and buds.
- Stems: Support and transport water and nutrients. Can be woody or herbaceous.
- Leaves: Main site of photosynthesis. Diverse shapes and sizes, adapted to environments.
- Buds: Undeveloped shoots that grow into new stems, leaves, or flowers.
- The shoot system is divided into vegetative (non-reproductive) and reproductive parts.
Root System
- Usually underground.
- Anchors the plant and absorbs water and nutrients from the soil.
- Composed of primary roots, secondary roots, and root hairs.
- Primary roots: First to develop from a seed. Grow downward.
- Secondary roots: Branch off from primary roots, growing outward and downward, increasing surface area.
- Root hairs: Tiny projections increasing surface area for nutrient and water absorption.
Additional Details About Plant Organ Systems
-
Vascular tissue: A specialized transport system composed of xylem and phloem.
- Xylem: Transports water and nutrients from roots to leaves.
- Phloem: Transports food (produced by leaves) to the rest of the plant.
- Meristems: Regions of undifferentiated cells responsible for plant growth. Found at root and shoot tips and other areas.
- Plant hormones: Chemical messengers regulating plant growth and development. Produced in various plant parts and travel to target tissues.
Plant Tissues
- Plants are multicellular eukaryotes.
- Tissue systems composed of different cell types performing specific functions.
- Two main types: meristematic and permanent tissue.
- Meristematic tissue: Found in meristems, regions of continuous cell division and growth.
- Permanent tissue: Contains cells no longer actively dividing. Meristematic tissue is of three types based on location in the plant.
Stems
- Stems are part of the shoot system that connects roots to leaves.
- They transport water and minerals from roots to other plant parts.
- They also transport food from leaves to the rest of the plant.
- Stems have nodes (where leaves attach) and internodes (stem regions between nodes).
- The stalk connecting a leaf to the stem is called a petiole.
- An axillary bud is located in the axil of a leaf.
Leaf
- Leaves are attached to the stem at nodes.
- An internode is the stem section between two nodes.
- The stalk connecting the leaf to the stem is the petiole.
- Leaves arise from axillary buds.
Plant Tissue Types
- Dermal tissue: Covers the outer surface of plants, controlling gas exchange. Consists primarily of epidermis cells; contains guard cells to control stomates' opening and closing.
- Vascular tissue: Transports water and nutrients; composed of xylem and phloem tissue.
- Ground tissue: Forms the bulk of the plant body; includes parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma cells.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore the structure and function of plant organ systems, focusing on the shoot and root systems. Understand how these organs collaborate to support the plant's needs for growth, photosynthesis, and nutrient absorption. This quiz covers essential concepts related to vascular plants.
