Plant Hybridization Techniques

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Questions and Answers

What is the main objective of hybridization in plants?

To create genetic variation (correct)

To eliminate all genetic variation

To only improve aesthetic quality

To guarantee self-pollination

Which step in the hybridization process is aimed at preventing self-pollination?

Selfing of parents

Pollination/crossing

Emasculation (correct)

Selection of parents

In which type of hybridization do the parents belong to the same species?

Interspecific hybridization

Intergeneric hybridization

Distant hybridization

Intervarietal hybridization (correct)

What is a key characteristic of the parents selected for hybridization?

They must be vigorous and disease-free Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods is not associated with emasculation?

Temperature regulation method Signup and view all the answers

How is hybridization primarily classified based on parental relationships?

Based on taxonomic relationships Signup and view all the answers

What role does the step of bagging play in the hybridization process?

To ensure pollen from a desired male parent reaches the stigma Signup and view all the answers

Which option best describes distant hybridization?

Involves crosses between different species or genera Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of hand emasculation?

To remove male reproductive parts from larger flowers Signup and view all the answers

Which method uses a thin tube to remove pollen grains without damaging the flower's stigma?

Suction method Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of hot water treatment on pollen grains?

It kills pollen grains without harming the gynoecium Signup and view all the answers

Why is cold treatment used in emasculation?

To kill pollen grains without damaging the gynoecium Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic makes genetic emasculation a preferred method?

It eliminates the need for manual emasculation Signup and view all the answers

Which precaution is essential while bagging flowers for preventing cross-pollination?

Using transparent bags Signup and view all the answers

What is the main disadvantage of using alcohol treatment for emasculation?

It is not a commonly used method Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is necessary for cold treatment of pollen grains?

Temperature range of 0-6° C Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hybridization

The process of mating or crossing dissimilar genotypes.
In plants, it involves transferring pollen from a male parent onto the stigma of a female parent.
Aims to introduce genetic variation, transfer desirable traits, and improve yield.

Types of Hybridization

Intervarietal: Crossing between different varieties within the same species.
Distant Hybridization: Crossing between species of different genera.
- Interspecific Hybridization: Crossing between different species within the same genus.
- Intergeneric Hybridization: Crossing between species of different genera.

Procedure

Selection of Parents: Healthy, vigorous, disease-free plants are chosen based on desired traits.
Selfing of Parents: Parents are self-fertilized for multiple generations to achieve 100% homozygosity.
Emasculation: Removal of male reproductive parts (stamens) from a bisexual flower to prevent self-pollination.
- Methods:
  - Hand Emasculation: Removing stamens with forceps or scissors.
  - Suction Method: Using a suction pump to remove anthers from small flowers.
  - Hot Water Treatment: Killing pollen grains with hot water without damaging the female reproductive organ.
  - Alcohol Treatment: Immersing flowers in alcohol to kill pollen grains.
  - Cold Treatment: Using cold water to kill pollen grains.
  - Genetic Emasculation: Utilizing genetically modified plants to eliminate the need for emasculation.
Bagging: Covering flowers with bags to prevent contamination with other pollen.
- Female Parents: Bagging prevents self-pollination and cross-pollination.
- Male Parents: Bagging prevents contamination with other pollen.

Bagging Precautions

Bags should be transparent.
Bag size should match the flower size.

Pollination/Crossing

Pollen from the selected male parent is carefully transferred to the stigma of the emasculated female parent.

Harvesting and Storage of Seeds

Seeds are harvested from the resulting hybrid plants and stored for future use.

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Description

Explore the fascinating world of plant hybridization through this quiz. Discover the different types of hybridization, such as intervarietal and distant hybridization, and understand the procedures involved in selecting and preparing parent plants. Test your knowledge on how genetic variation is achieved in plants.