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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of hybridization in plants?
What is the primary purpose of hybridization in plants?
Which of the following best describes intervarietal hybridization?
Which of the following best describes intervarietal hybridization?
What step in hybridization involves removing the male reproductive parts from a flower?
What step in hybridization involves removing the male reproductive parts from a flower?
Which type of hybridization includes crosses between different species of the same genus?
Which type of hybridization includes crosses between different species of the same genus?
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Why is selfing of parents performed in the hybridization process?
Why is selfing of parents performed in the hybridization process?
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What is the purpose of bagging in the hybridization procedure?
What is the purpose of bagging in the hybridization procedure?
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Which of the following is NOT a step in the hybridization procedure?
Which of the following is NOT a step in the hybridization procedure?
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In hybridization, what aspect is primarily considered when selecting parents?
In hybridization, what aspect is primarily considered when selecting parents?
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What is the main purpose of hand emasculation in flowering plants?
What is the main purpose of hand emasculation in flowering plants?
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Which method uses a suction pump to remove anthers from flowers?
Which method uses a suction pump to remove anthers from flowers?
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How does hot water treatment affect pollen grains compared to female reproductive organs?
How does hot water treatment affect pollen grains compared to female reproductive organs?
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Why is alcohol treatment not commonly used in emasculation procedures?
Why is alcohol treatment not commonly used in emasculation procedures?
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What is the intended outcome of using cold treatment on pollen grains?
What is the intended outcome of using cold treatment on pollen grains?
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What precaution should be taken during bagging of flowers?
What precaution should be taken during bagging of flowers?
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Which method employs genetic or cytoplasmic male sterility to avoid emasculation?
Which method employs genetic or cytoplasmic male sterility to avoid emasculation?
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What common factor do cold treatment and hot water treatment have in relation to pollen grains?
What common factor do cold treatment and hot water treatment have in relation to pollen grains?
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Study Notes
Hybridization
- Definition: The mating or crossing of dissimilar genotypes. In plants, this is done by placing pollen grains from one genotype (male parent) onto the stigma of flowers of another genotype (female parent).
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Objectives:
- Create genetic variation
- Transfer desirable traits from one variety to another (Combination Breeding)
- Improve yield through transgressive breeding
Types of Hybridization
- Intervarietal: Parents belong to the same species, like strains, varieties, or races.
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Distant Hybridization: Crosses between different species of the same genus or of different genera.
- Interspecific: Between two species of the same genus.
- Intergeneric: Between species of different genera.
Procedure of Hybridization
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Seven Steps:
- Selection of parents: Choose plants with desirable traits.
- Selfing of parents: Self-fertilize parents multiple generations to achieve 100% homozygosity.
- Emasculation: Removing male reproductive parts (stamens) from a bisexual flower to prevent self-pollination.
- Bagging: Covering flowers with bags to prevent contamination with other pollens.
- Tagging: Labeling flowers for tracking and identification.
- Pollination/Crossing: Transferring pollen from the male parent to the stigma of the female parent.
- Harvesting and storage of seeds
Emasculation Methods
- Hand emasculation: Removing stamens with forceps and scissors for flowers with large parts.
- Suction method: Removing stamens from small flowers using a suction pump connected to a tube.
- Hot water treatment: Killing pollen grains with hot water without damaging the female reproductive organ (gynoecium), as pollen is more sensitive to heat.
- Alcohol treatment: Immersing flowers or inflorescences in alcohol to kill pollen grains.
- Cold Treatment: Using cold water (0-6°C) to kill pollen grains in some species, like rice.
- Genetic emasculation: Utilizing genetic or cytoplasmic male sterility to eliminate the need for emasculation.
Bagging
- Purpose: To prevent contamination with other pollens.
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Precautions:
- Use transparent bags.
- Select bags sized appropriately for the flower.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of plant hybridization through this quiz. Learn about its definition, objectives, and the various types, including intervarietal and distant hybridization. Understand the procedure and steps required for successful plant breeding.
