Hybridization in Plants

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of hybridization in plants?

To promote self-pollination

To create genetic variation (correct)

To eliminate undesirable traits

To maintain genetic purity

Which of the following best describes intervarietal hybridization?

Crossing between different genera

Crossing between plants of different families

Crossing between different species

Crossing between two varieties of the same species (correct)

What step in hybridization involves removing the male reproductive parts from a flower?

Selfing

Bagging

Emasculation (correct)

Pollination

Which type of hybridization includes crosses between different species of the same genus?

Interspecific hybridization Signup and view all the answers

Why is selfing of parents performed in the hybridization process?

To achieve 100% homozygosity Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of bagging in the hybridization procedure?

To protect the stigma from unwanted pollen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a step in the hybridization procedure?

Pollen collection Signup and view all the answers

In hybridization, what aspect is primarily considered when selecting parents?

Their availability in the region Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of hand emasculation in flowering plants?

To remove male reproductive parts without damaging the female parts Signup and view all the answers

Which method uses a suction pump to remove anthers from flowers?

Suction method Signup and view all the answers

How does hot water treatment affect pollen grains compared to female reproductive organs?

Pollen grains are more sensitive and can be killed Signup and view all the answers

Why is alcohol treatment not commonly used in emasculation procedures?

It can damage the female reproductive parts Signup and view all the answers

What is the intended outcome of using cold treatment on pollen grains?

To kill pollen grains without harming the gynoecium Signup and view all the answers

What precaution should be taken during bagging of flowers?

The bag should be transparent to monitor the development Signup and view all the answers

Which method employs genetic or cytoplasmic male sterility to avoid emasculation?

Genetic emasculation Signup and view all the answers

What common factor do cold treatment and hot water treatment have in relation to pollen grains?

Both methods aim to eliminate pollen grains without harming female organs Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hybridization

Definition: The mating or crossing of dissimilar genotypes. In plants, this is done by placing pollen grains from one genotype (male parent) onto the stigma of flowers of another genotype (female parent).
Objectives:
- Create genetic variation
- Transfer desirable traits from one variety to another (Combination Breeding)
- Improve yield through transgressive breeding

Types of Hybridization

Intervarietal: Parents belong to the same species, like strains, varieties, or races.
Distant Hybridization: Crosses between different species of the same genus or of different genera.
- Interspecific: Between two species of the same genus.
- Intergeneric: Between species of different genera.

Procedure of Hybridization

Seven Steps:
- Selection of parents: Choose plants with desirable traits.
- Selfing of parents: Self-fertilize parents multiple generations to achieve 100% homozygosity.
- Emasculation: Removing male reproductive parts (stamens) from a bisexual flower to prevent self-pollination.
- Bagging: Covering flowers with bags to prevent contamination with other pollens.
- Tagging: Labeling flowers for tracking and identification.
- Pollination/Crossing: Transferring pollen from the male parent to the stigma of the female parent.
- Harvesting and storage of seeds

Emasculation Methods

Hand emasculation: Removing stamens with forceps and scissors for flowers with large parts.
Suction method: Removing stamens from small flowers using a suction pump connected to a tube.
Hot water treatment: Killing pollen grains with hot water without damaging the female reproductive organ (gynoecium), as pollen is more sensitive to heat.
Alcohol treatment: Immersing flowers or inflorescences in alcohol to kill pollen grains.
Cold Treatment: Using cold water (0-6°C) to kill pollen grains in some species, like rice.
Genetic emasculation: Utilizing genetic or cytoplasmic male sterility to eliminate the need for emasculation.

Bagging

Purpose: To prevent contamination with other pollens.
Precautions:
- Use transparent bags.
- Select bags sized appropriately for the flower.

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Description

Explore the fascinating world of plant hybridization through this quiz. Learn about its definition, objectives, and the various types, including intervarietal and distant hybridization. Understand the procedure and steps required for successful plant breeding.