Plant Cell Organelles
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Questions and Answers

Which organelle in plant cells is responsible for maintaining turgor pressure?

  • Mitochondria
  • Vacuole (correct)
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Nucleus
  • What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in plant cells?

  • Synthesizing ATP
  • Regulating passage of materials
  • Processing proteins (correct)
  • Destroying reactive oxygen species
  • Which organelle in plant cells has its own DNA?

  • Nucleus
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Microbodies
  • Mitochondria (correct)
  • What is the function of microbodies in plant cells?

    <p>Destroying reactive oxygen species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle in plant cells is double-walled and involved in ATP synthesis?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum in plant cells?

    <p>Processing proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the vacuole in plant cells?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle in plant cells converts fats to carbohydrates during germination?

    <p>Glyoxysomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the nucleus in plant cells?

    <p>Containing genetic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the cell wall in plant cells?

    <p>Maintaining turgor pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle in plant cells is responsible for photosynthesis?

    <p>Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of chromoplasts in plants?

    <p>To signal ripeness in fruits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the primary cell wall in plant cells?

    <p>Hemicellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ground tissue provides flexible structural support in plants?

    <p>Collenchyma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of xylem in plants?

    <p>To move water up from the roots to the leaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element of xylem serves as structural support and transport?

    <p>Tracheids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of phloem in plants?

    <p>To transport sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of companion cells in phloem?

    <p>To regulate osmosis and movement of sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of dermal tissue in plants?

    <p>To serve as a protective layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which specialized cells are found in the ground tissue and are responsible for photosynthesis?

    <p>Parenchyma cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plant cells are bounded by a __________

    <p>cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cell membrane in plant cells is also called __________

    <p>plasmalemma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Turgor pressure is responsible for maintaining the __________ of plant cells

    <p>cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Golgi apparatus is responsible for post-processing of __________ in plant cells

    <p>proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The largest organelle in mature plant cells is the __________

    <p>vacuole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plant cells have a semi-autonomous organelle called ________ that has its own DNA and performs its own cellular housekeeping.

    <p>plastids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chloroplasts, a type of ________, contain chlorophylls and carotenoids and are responsible for photosynthesis.

    <p>plastids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Leucoplasts, a type of ________, are colorless and store starch, protein, or lipids.

    <p>plastids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary cell wall of plant cells is made of several molecules, mainly ________ strands linked together by hemicellulose.

    <p>beta-cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The vascular tissue called ________ transports sugars from the leaves or storage tissues to all parts of the plant.

    <p>phloem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plant tissue is responsible for photosynthesis, starch storage, and wound repair?

    <p>Parenchyma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ground tissue provides flexible structural support in plants?

    <p>Collenchyma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ground tissue is lignified and dead at maturity?

    <p>Sclereids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vascular tissue moves water up from the roots to the leaves in plants?

    <p>Xylem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vascular tissue transports sugars from the leaves or storage tissues to all parts of the plant?

    <p>Phloem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle in plant cells is responsible for destroying oxides and peroxides created by UV light?

    <p>Microbodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle in plant cells is involved in the post-processing of proteins from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the endoplasmic reticulum in plant cells?

    <p>Manufacturing transmembrane proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the vacuole in plant cells?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the cell wall in plant cells?

    <p>Maintaining turgor pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Plant Cell Organelles and Functions

    • Vacuole: Maintains turgor pressure, providing structural support and storing nutrients and waste products.
    • Golgi Apparatus: Involved in post-processing and packaging proteins synthesized in the cell.
    • Chloroplasts: Have their own DNA and are the site of photosynthesis, containing chlorophylls and carotenoids.
    • Microbodies: Specialized for various metabolic functions, including the detoxification of metabolites and breakdown of fatty acids.
    • Mitochondria: Double-walled organelles responsible for ATP synthesis through cellular respiration.
    • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Functions in synthesis, modification, and transport of proteins and lipids throughout the cell.
    • Vacuole Composition: Mainly contains a solution of sugars, ions, and other compounds, contributing to osmotic balance.

    Plant Cell Structures

    • Amyloplasts: A type of leucoplast responsible for converting fats into carbohydrates during seed germination.
    • Nucleus: Houses the cell's genetic material and regulates cellular activities, including growth and reproduction.
    • Cell Wall: Provides structure and protection, composed primarily of cellulose, which gives rigidity to the plant cell.
    • Photosynthetic Ground Tissue: Contains specialized cells like parenchyma that facilitate photosynthesis and storage.

    Vascular Tissue and Ground Tissue

    • Xylem: Transports water and minerals from roots to leaves; contains lignified tissues that provide structural support.
    • Phloem: Transports sugars produced in leaves to other parts of the plant; relies on companion cells for support and transport regulation.
    • Collenchyma: Ground tissue providing flexible structural support, enabling plant growth and movement.
    • Sclerenchyma: Ground tissue that is lignified and dead at maturity, providing firmness and support.

    Additional Notes

    • Dermal Tissue: Protects plant surfaces and regulates gas exchange and moisture retention.
    • Cell Membrane: Also referred to as the plasma membrane, defines the boundary of plant cells, controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
    • Companion Cells: Assist in the transport of nutrients through phloem by maintaining the function of sieve elements.
    • Totipotent Cells: Certain ground tissue cells can differentiate into specialized cell types, aiding in wound repair and regrowth.

    Key Terminology

    • Turgor Pressure: The pressure of the vacuole against the cell wall, crucial for maintaining cell shape and rigidity.
    • Hemilellulose: Acts as a binding element between cellulose fibers in the primary cell wall.
    • Lignin: A complex organic polymer providing rigidity and strength to the xylem vessel walls.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on plant cells and their organelles with this quiz. Learn about the unique features of plant cells and how they differ from other types of cells.

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