Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is distinct about the root colour of PUSA NAYANJYOTI?
What is distinct about the root colour of PUSA NAYANJYOTI?
Which variety is tolerant to powdery mildew and nematode?
Which variety is tolerant to powdery mildew and nematode?
What is the yield potential of ARKA SURAJ?
What is the yield potential of ARKA SURAJ?
What is the duration of ARKA SURAJ?
What is the duration of ARKA SURAJ?
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What is the root shape of NS 854 F1?
What is the root shape of NS 854 F1?
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What is the root length of NS 854 F1?
What is the root length of NS 854 F1?
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What is the root colour of SUPER KURODA?
What is the root colour of SUPER KURODA?
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What is the disease tolerance of SUPER KURODA?
What is the disease tolerance of SUPER KURODA?
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What is the recommended region for SUPER KURODA?
What is the recommended region for SUPER KURODA?
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What is conventional breeding?
What is conventional breeding?
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Study Notes
Crop Improvement
- Crop improvement is necessary to meet the demand of the growing global population, projected to increase food production by 70%.
- Factors contributing to food insecurity include competing claims for land, water, labor, energy, and capital, as well as biotic and abiotic stresses.
History of Crop Improvement
- Ancient selections of crops are still cultivated today, such as dates.
- The transfer of plant resources between Europe and the New World was triggered by Columbus's arrival in America in 1492, increasing genetic variation.
Methods of Crop Improvement
- Selection involves three distinct steps: selecting plants from a genetically variable population, growing progeny rows for observation, and comparing selected lines to commercial varieties.
- Hybridization brings together desired traits from different plant lines via cross-pollination, combining homozygous inbred lines to generate new traits.
Mutation Breeding
- In the 73 years of mutation breeding (1939-2013), 3,218 varieties were obtained, including 824 rice, 312 barley, 274 wheat, 96 maize, and others.
Limitations of Conventional Methods
- Conventional breeding can only be done between plants that can sexually mate, limiting the new traits that can be added.
Molecular Breeding and Marker-Assisted Selection
- Plant breeders use molecular markers to identify specific genes and predict whether a plant will have the desired trait.
- Genetic linkage helps predict the presence of a desired gene.
Genetic Engineering
- Genetic engineering involves taking a gene from one organism and putting it into the DNA of another, creating Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs).
- Examples include Bt corn and Roundup Ready crops.
Transgenic Plants
- Transgenic plants are created by putting DNA into tissue culture cells, allowing for the transfer of genes between species.
Specific Crop Varieties
- Pusa Nayanjyoti: a hybrid with orange roots, high carotene content, and tolerance to powdery mildew and nematode.
- Arka Suraj: a hybrid with deep orange roots, tolerance to powdery mildew and nematode, and a yield potential of 15 t/ha.
- NS 854 F1: a hybrid with long, cylindrical roots, high disease tolerance, and a yield potential of 150-175 g.
- Super Kuroda: a hybrid with cylindrical roots, high disease tolerance, and excellent color and shape.
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Description
This quiz covers the process of plant breeding and selection, including the use of intercrosses to increase genetic variation and the impact of human trade on plant resources.
