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Questions and Answers
In the process of germination, which part of the seed emerges first?
In the process of germination, which part of the seed emerges first?
Which type of germination involves the cotyledons remaining below the ground?
Which type of germination involves the cotyledons remaining below the ground?
What is the correct sequence of stages in the germination of a bean seed?
What is the correct sequence of stages in the germination of a bean seed?
What determines the type of germination a plant will undergo?
What determines the type of germination a plant will undergo?
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What is the role of germination in a plant's life cycle?
What is the role of germination in a plant's life cycle?
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Which part of the seed is responsible for the initial growth into a young plant?
Which part of the seed is responsible for the initial growth into a young plant?
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What is the primary function of cotyledons in a seed?
What is the primary function of cotyledons in a seed?
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How are albuminous seeds different from exalbuminous seeds?
How are albuminous seeds different from exalbuminous seeds?
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Which structure in the seed does not form part of the embryo?
Which structure in the seed does not form part of the embryo?
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In which type of seed would you find two thick cotyledons?
In which type of seed would you find two thick cotyledons?
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What is the main purpose of the endosperm tissue in seeds?
What is the main purpose of the endosperm tissue in seeds?
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What role do cotyledons play in epigeal germination?
What role do cotyledons play in epigeal germination?
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Which part of the seed is responsible for absorbing food from the endosperm?
Which part of the seed is responsible for absorbing food from the endosperm?
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Which condition is unfavorable for germination?
Which condition is unfavorable for germination?
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In hypogeal germination, what is the position of the cotyledons?
In hypogeal germination, what is the position of the cotyledons?
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What is the primary nutrient absorbed by the seed during germination?
What is the primary nutrient absorbed by the seed during germination?
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Which condition is NOT necessary for germination?
Which condition is NOT necessary for germination?
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What is the function of the micropyle in a seed?
What is the function of the micropyle in a seed?
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Which feature is NOT present in a bean seed?
Which feature is NOT present in a bean seed?
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What is the role of cotyledons in germination?
What is the role of cotyledons in germination?
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What distinguishes the radicle of a bean seed from that of a maize grain?
What distinguishes the radicle of a bean seed from that of a maize grain?
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Which part of the seed develops into the young shoot?
Which part of the seed develops into the young shoot?
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Which of the following is a feature of maize grain but not of bean seed?
Which of the following is a feature of maize grain but not of bean seed?
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Which of the following definitions is correct?
Which of the following definitions is correct?
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What is the main purpose of keeping beaker B in a refrigerator in the experiment to prove the necessity of water for germination?
What is the main purpose of keeping beaker B in a refrigerator in the experiment to prove the necessity of water for germination?
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In the experiment with the bean seed fixed to a glass slide, why does the middle seed germinate?
In the experiment with the bean seed fixed to a glass slide, why does the middle seed germinate?
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What conclusion can be made from the experiment involving seeds placed in beaker A and B?
What conclusion can be made from the experiment involving seeds placed in beaker A and B?
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In the experiment proving the necessity of a suitable temperature for germination, what role does the top seed play?
In the experiment proving the necessity of a suitable temperature for germination, what role does the top seed play?
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What can be inferred about the bottom bean seed in the experiment with the glass slide?
What can be inferred about the bottom bean seed in the experiment with the glass slide?
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What is the role of cotyledons in a bean seed?
What is the role of cotyledons in a bean seed?
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Which part of a bean seed is responsible for absorbing air and water for the embryo?
Which part of a bean seed is responsible for absorbing air and water for the embryo?
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In maize grains, what is the protective sheath enclosing the radicle called?
In maize grains, what is the protective sheath enclosing the radicle called?
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What is the term for the single cotyledon found in maize grains?
What is the term for the single cotyledon found in maize grains?
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What is the main storage component in the endosperm of maize grains?
What is the main storage component in the endosperm of maize grains?
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Which part of the bean seed is referred to as the 'embryonic shoot'?
Which part of the bean seed is referred to as the 'embryonic shoot'?
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In bean seeds, what is the function of the hypocotyl?
In bean seeds, what is the function of the hypocotyl?
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Which structure in bean seeds is directly involved in protecting the seed from bacterial and fungal attacks?
Which structure in bean seeds is directly involved in protecting the seed from bacterial and fungal attacks?
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Study Notes
Seeds - Structure and Germination
- A seed is the fertilized ovule of a plant, which develops from the ovule inside the ovary.
- Seeds consist of a seed coat, cotyledons, and an embryo, which contains the radicle, plumule, and hypocotyl.
Parts of a Seed
- Seed coat: The outer, protective covering of the seed.
- Cotyledons: The internal food storage tissues that nourish the developing embryo.
- Embryo: The tiny, undeveloped plant inside the seed, consisting of the radicle, plumule, and hypocotyl.
- Radicle: The embryonic root.
- Plumule: The embryonic shoot.
- Hypocotyl: The stem-like structure.
Bean Seeds
- Bean seeds are made up of two parts: cotyledons and an embryo.
- Cotyledons store food for the developing embryo.
- The embryo contains the radicle and plumule.
- Seed coat: The outermost layer of the seed, protecting the inside from injury and attack from bacteria, fungi, and insects.
- Testa: The outer, brown covering of the seed coat.
- Tegmen: The thin inner layer of the seed coat, lying next to the testa.
- Hilum: The scar on the concave side of the seed where the ovule was attached to the ovary.
- Micropyle: A tiny pore situated near the hilum, through which the embryo receives air and water.
Maize Grains
- Maize grains are actually single-seeded fruits.
- The fruit wall and the seed coat are fused together to form a protective layer.
- The embryo is located in a small, light-colored oval area on the side of the grain.
- Endosperm: The tissue rich in starch, making up the majority of the grain.
- Scutellum: The protective layer covering the embryo, which is a single cotyledon.
- Coleorhiza: The protective sheath enclosing the radicle.
- Coleoptile: The protective sheath enclosing the plumule.
Germination
- Germination: The process of formation of a seedling from the embryo.
- Germination occurs when a seed absorbs water, warms up, and gets oxygen.
- Conditions necessary for germination: water, suitable temperature, and air (oxygen).
External Features of a Seed
- Seed coat: The outer protective covering of the seed.
- Micropyle: A small pore in the seed coat through which water enters the seed.
- Hilum: A scar on the seed coat where the seed was attached to the fruit.
Longitudinal Section of a Seed
- Cotyledons: Seed leaves packed with food for the embryo during germination.
- Endosperm: A food storage tissue providing nutrients to the embryo during germination.
- Plumule: The young shoot.
- Radicle: The young root.
- Embryo: The developing plant inside the seed.
Types of Germination
- Epigeal: The cotyledons emerge above the ground.
- Hypogeal: The cotyledons remain below the ground.
The Seedling
- Germination involves the cotyledons absorbing food from the endosperm, the radicle emerging from the seed, growing downward, and forming the root, and the plumule emerging from the seed, growing upward, and forming the shoot.
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Description
Learn about the structure and germination of seeds, a crucial part of plant reproduction and survival. Understand the different parts of a seed and their functions.
